The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical mastitis cases of cows in 42 different dairy farms located in the Bordj Bou Arreridj region of Algeria. Milk samples were cultured on Columbia blood agar and isolates were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 200 samples were screened and 52 confirmed E. coli strains were obtained. The Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (i.e. bla TEM , bla SHV and bla CTX-M ), tetracyclines ( tetA , tetB , tetC and tetJ ), aminoglycosides ( aph(3’) , aac(3’) , aac(6’) , ant , aad and armA ) and quinolone ( qnrA and qnrB ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing were then used to characterize the genotype. Genotyping analysis was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The most frequently observed resistance was amoxicillin (86.5%), followed by tetracycline (75%), amoxicillin/clavulanic Ac. (59.6%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (36.5%), doxycycline (13.5%) and ciprofloxacin (13.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 38.4% of isolates. Genotypic characterisation showed that tetA gene (44.2%) and   bla TEM-1 (30.7%) were the most prevalent. Screening for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes demonstrated that seven isolates (13.5%) expressed the qnrB gene and one isolate (1.9%) harbored the qnrA gene. In addition, aminoglycosides resistance determinants including aadA 1 and aac (3)- Id were detected in 7 and 2 isolates respectively. The MLST revealed the presence of 3 different sequence types (ST162, ST371 and ST 949).

Background Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability to quickly and accurately diagnose neonatal sepsis based on clinical assessments and laboratory blood tests remains difficult, where haemoculture is the gold standard for detecting bacterial sepsis in blood culture. It is also very difficult to study because neonatal samples are lacking. Methods Forty-eight newborns suspected of sepsis admitted to the Neonatology Department of the Mother-Child Specialized Hospital of Tlemcen. From each newborn, a minimum of 1–2 ml of blood was drawn by standard sterile procedures for blood culture. The miRNA-23b level in haemoculture was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Results miR-23b levels increased in premature and full-term newborns in early onset sepsis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005 respectively), but lowered in late onset sepsis in full-term neonates (p < 0.05) compared to the respective negative controls. miR-23b levels also increased in late sepsis in the negative versus early sepsis negative controls (p < 0.05). miR-23b levels significantly lowered in the newborns who died from both sepsis types (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 respectively). In early sepsis, miR-23b and death strongly and negatively correlated (correlation coefficient = − 0.96, p = 0.0019). In late sepsis, miRNA-23b and number of survivors (correlation coefficient = 0.70, p = 0.506) positively correlated. Conclusions Lowering miR-23b levels is an important factor that favours sepsis development, which would confirm their vital protective role, and strongly suggest that they act as a good marker in molecular diagnosis and patient monitoring.

Background Currently, Candida auris is among the most serious emerging pathogens that can be associated with nosocomial infections and outbreaks in intensive care units. Clinicians must be able to identify and manage it quickly. Objective Here, we report for the first time in Algeria seven cases of C. auris infection or colonisation. Methods and Results The strains were isolated from clinical sites including bronchial aspirates (n = 4), wound swabs (n = 1), urine sample (n = 1) and peritoneal fluid (n = 1), in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Candida auris was identified both by MALDI‐TOF and by sequencing the ITS region and the D1/D2 domain. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the E‐test method. Non‐wildtype susceptibility was observed for five strains against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin. Genotyping showed the presence of four clades (I–IV) in one hospital. Conclusions Appropriate antifungal treatments with rapid and accurate microbial identification are the cornerstone for the management and control of C. auris infections.