Most of the existing non-contact flame temperature measurement methods rely on the ideal thermal-optical excitation model, which has a great influence on temperature measurement accuracy. Therefore, based on element doping and energy spectrum analysis, this study proposes a novel twodimensional (2-D) estimation method for flame temperature and emissivity distribution. The element doping method and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are introduced into the temperature field test. The external doped element whose spectral radiation characteristics are easy to be analyzed, is regarded as the measured particles to describe the flame temperature distribution from the side. And LIBS is used to analyze and select the doped element, and further determine the effective working wavelength of the optical camera. Besides, the relationship between spectral radiance and emissivity (L -ε) of doped samples is obtained by the emissivity calibration experiment. Then, the 2-D temperature and emissivity distributions can be estimated. Infrared thermograph is used to verify the accuracy of temperature measurement, the measurement error between calculated and standard values is not more than 5%. The experimental results of the oxygen-ethanol combustion flame show that this method can be well applied to the similar temperature measurement.INDEX TERMS Temperature measurement, Spectral emissivity, Element doping, Spectral analysis.

For the inner-temperature-field reconstruction of a fireball, a detecting method was proposed, using multi-channel visible spectral remote sensing theory. In our proposed method, the reconstructive algorithm based on multi-channel-detection was considered as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP), and a fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm based on reference-point strategy (NSGA-III) was employed as the solution of this problem. Besides, a so-called ambient pressure operator, based on the unique detecting model, was proposed and employed during the iteration process, for dynamic genetic parameter adjustment. To verify some performance of our proposed method, several numerical reconstructive simulations were carried out, from simple GA to NSGA-III, using several artificial 2-D virtual data, with different kinds of crossover and mutation functions. The simulation results show that, limited to our problems, the NSGA-III can effectively reconstruct different 2-D data, by a fixed crossover rate and a dynamic mutation rate under the proposed ambient pressure operator and an adaptive mutation rate function. The algorithm, limited to the field-reconstruction, also performs well on stability, but still has some deficiencies to be optimized.

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