Background:The humoral system is activated and various cytokines are released due to infections in tissues and traumatic damage. Nuclear factor-kappa B dimers are encoded by nuclear factor-kappa B genes and regulate transcription of several crucial proteins of inflammation such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha.Aims:To investigate the possible effect of polymorphisms on tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum levels with clinical and prognostic parameters of sepsis by determining the nuclear factor-kappa B-1-94 ins/del ATTG and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (-308 G/A) gene polymorphisms and tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum levels.Study Design:Case-control study.Methods:Seventy-two patients with sepsis and 104 healthy controls were included in the study. In order to determine the polymorphisms of nuclear factor-kappa B-1-94 ins/del ATTG and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (-308 G/A), polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:We observed no significant differences in tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum levels between the study groups. In the patient group, an increase in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum levels in patients carrying the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (-308 G/A) A allele compared to those without the A allele was found to be statistically significant. Additionally, an increase in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum levels in patients carrying tumour necrosis factor-alpha (-308 G/A) AA genotype compared with patients carrying the AG or GG genotypes was statistically significant. No significant differences were found in these 2 polymorphisms between the patient and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Our results showed the AA genotype and the A allele of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (-308 G/A) polymorphism may be used as a predictor of elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in patients with sepsis.

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Objectives RASSF gene family can inhibit the growth of RAS oncogene. This gene family is suggested to have a role in cell cycle control, apoptosis, cell migration, and mitosis control. This study evaluated RASSF4 gene expression levels, SNPs and serum levels in tissues dissected from both healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with head, and neck cancer. Methods RASSF4 gene expression levels were determined using the RT-PCR. Serum levels of RASSF4 were tested using the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay technique in study groups. RASSF4 rs7896801 and rs884879 genotypes were identified using by the RT-PCR. Results No statistical difference was observed between study groups according to RASSF4 gene expression levels. According to SNP results, rs7896801 revealed a 2.4 fold increase of G-allele presence in patients (p=0.015). The increase in the presence of AA genotype was statistically significant for the control group (p=0.015). Distribution of genotypes and alleles for rs884879 showed a 2.2 fold increase in CC genotype for healthy group (p=0.031) however, the presence of T allele showed a significant increase in the patients (p=0.048). Conclusions We suggest that this study will play a pioneering role for the next studies on RASSF4 gene, especially on SNPs.