Centrifugal pumps are frequently utilized in general machinery, but they have issues with low efficiency, unstable operation, and high-power consumption in actual engineering, making performance improvements necessary. In this paper, the particle swarm algorithm is utilized to find the optimal solution among the Pareto front solutions and obtain the most suitable impeller for the centrifugal pump with the lowest entropy generation and highest efficiency as the optimization objectives. Based on the entropy generation theory, the energy losses of the original model and the optimized model are compared and analyzed. The results show that the centrifugal pump impeller and volute are the two areas with the largest entropy generation ratio, the optimized centrifugal pump entropy generation decreases by 5.41%, and the efficiency increases by 3.89%. Turbulent entropy generation and wall entropy generation are the important causes of hydraulic losses. Most of the losses within the impeller occur mainly at leading edge and trailing edge of blade. As the flow rate increases, the closer the distribution of the high entropy generation rate at the front cover of the impeller, the more serious the flow losses. This paper can provide a theoretical reference for the performance optimization of centrifugal pumps.

Throat ring leakage is a major factor deteriorating the performance of multistage centrifugal pumps. This paper focuses on the optimization of multistage centrifugal pumps by incorporating the principle of the Tesla valve and adding an auxiliary set of blades to the impeller body. By changing the direction and magnitude of the leaking fluid’s flow, the leakage volume of the impeller throat ring is reduced. The study results demonstrate that the experimental error in head calculation with numerical simulation at the optimal working condition was 0.65%, verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The leakage volume of the throat ring decreased by up to approximately 28.99% compared to the original structure, which significantly increased the pump’s head and overall efficiency. Near the optimal operating point, the pump’s head and overall efficiency increased by approximately 8.1% and 8.7%, respectively. The larger the flow rate, the greater the improvement in the pump’s head and total efficiency. Near high-flow operating conditions, the pump’s head and overall efficiency increased by approximately 116.45% and 110.84%, respectively. The auxiliary blade structure introduces a non-contact seal which, compared to traditional seal structures, improves seal life and reduces seal costs. Additionally, the auxiliary blades can shift the optimal operating point of the multistage centrifugal pump towards a higher flow rate, improving the pump’s delivery capability.