This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of income diversification carried out by banks and provide guidelines for future researchers in conducting research related to the relationship between income diversification and bank stability. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which identifies and assesses the findings of previous studies in order to guide further research in the future. There was 1 article from conference papers and 1 article from working papers. The remaining 28 articles came from well-known publishers. So 30 articles were obtained from well-known publishers and content following the topic of this literature review. The findings of this study indicate that the main motives for implementing the income diversification strategy are increased performance, reduced risk and competition between banks. This study also shows that there is a fairly wide research gap regarding the relationship between income diversification and bank stability. In addition, it was found that the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) is the most widely used measurement as a proxy for income diversification, and the generalized method of moment (GMM) is the most commonly applied statistical testing tool. The findings of this study are expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the implementation of the income diversification strategy and provide guidance for future research areas.

This study aims to contribute to the literature on a corporate capital structure by analyzing the effect of income diversification on the capital structure of international banking companies. This study uses panel data from 32 global banking companies in 2010-2019 with 320 firm-year observation obtained from stock exchanges in each country. The generalized method of moments is used as a statistical analysis tool for panel data. The results show that the income diversification carried out by international banking companies has a positive effect with high significance on the company's short-term debt structure. Therefore, income diversification can be a factor affecting the capital structure of international banking companies. Previous studies examined determinants of capital structure such as profitability, tangibility, firm size, firm growth, firm age, and non-debt tax shield. The findings of this study add the income diversification variable to the determinants of capital structure. This study is expected to bring benefits to banking management, investors, and regulators in the banking sector, as well as to make new contributions to the literature on corporate capital structure.

Measurement of Islamic Banking Performance using the Malmquist Index has been widely discussed by researchers from various countries. The Malmquist index is part of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method which is used to process non-parametric data to measure the increase in Decision Making Unit (DMU) productivity. This article aims to conduct a literature study of scientific articles that research the Malmquist Index. The research method used is Literature Study, starting with determining the research topic, then conducting theoretical studies and references related to the research carried out. 12 articles have been reviewed with the criteria of literature that has relevance to the research objectives, in the form of Scientific Journals, both National Scientific Journals, Accredited National Scientific Journals, International Scientific Journals, and Reputable International Scientific Journals. The results of the study reveal that Islamic banking has positive productivity growth, based on the area of Islamic Banking outside the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), has better performance. Sharia Banking in the Southeast Asia Region, represented by Malaysia and Indonesia, alternately, received the best ranking based on the ranking by the Islamic Finance Country Index (IFCI).