Background and Aims: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) is a field of increasing interest that offers a minimally invasive resection modality for lesions that are not amenable for resection by conventional methods. Full-thickness resection device (FTRD) is a new device that was developed for a single-step eFTR using an over-the scope-clip. In this meta-analysis, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of FTRD for eFTR of colorectal lesions. Methods: A Comprehensive literature review of different databases to identify studies reporting FTRD with outcomes of interest was performed. Studies with <10 cases were excluded. Rates of histologic complete resection (R0), technical success, and complications were extracted. Efficacy was assessed by using the technical and the R0 rates whereas safety was assessed by using the complications rates. Weighted pooled rates (WPRs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated depending on the heterogeneity (I 2 statistics). Results: Nine studies including 551 patients with 555 lesions were included in this study. The WPR for overall R0 was 82.4% (95% CI: 79.0%-85.5%),with moderate heterogeneity (I 2=34.8%). The WPR rate for technical success was 89.25% (95% CI: 86.4%-91.7%), with low heterogeneity (I 2=23.7%). The WPR for total complications rate was 10.2% (7.8, 12.8%) with no heterogeneity. The pooled rate for minor bleeding, major bleeding, postpolypectomy syndrome, and perforation were 3.2%, 0.97%, 2.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. Of 44 periappendicular lesions, the pooled rate for acute appendicitis was 19.7%. Conclusions: FTRD seems to be effective and safe for eFTR of difficult colorectal lesions. Large prospective studies comparing FTRD with conventional resection techniques are warranted.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used to treat various abdominal tumors including pancreatic tumors. Multiple approaches such as laparoscopic, open, and percutaneous have been used for pancreatic tissue ablation. More recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided RFA has emerged as a new technique for pancreatic tissue ablation. The role of EUS-RFA in management of pancreatic lesions is still not well-established. In this study, our aim is to assess efficacy and safety of EUS-RFA for management of pancreatic lesions.Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies reporting EUS-RFA of pancreatic lesions with outcomes of interest. Studies with <5 patients were excluded. Clinical success was defined as symptom resolution, decrease in tumor size, and/or evidence of necrosis on radiologic imaging. Efficacy was assessed by the pooled clinical response rate whereas safety was assessed by the pooled adverse events rate. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 . Pooled estimates and the 95% CI were calculated using random-effect model.Results: Ten studies (5 retrospective and 5 prospective) involving 115 patients with 125 pancreatic lesions were included. 152 EUS-RFA procedures were performed. The lesions comprised of 37.6% non-functional neuroendocrine tumors (NFNETs), 15.4% were insulinomas, 26.5% were pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs), and 19.7% were pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The majority were present in the pancreatic head (40.2%), 38.3% in the body, 11.2% in the tail, and 10.3% in the uncinate process. Pooled overall clinical response rate was 88.9% (95% CI: 82.4-93.7, I 2 =38.1%). Pooled overall adverse events rate was 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4-11.7, I 2 =34.0%). The most common complication was acute pancreatitis (3.3%) followed by pancreatic duct stenosis, peripancreatic fluid collection, and ascites (2.8%) each. Only one case of perforation was reported with pooled rate of (2.1%).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that EUS-RFA is an effective treatment modality for pancreatic lesions, especially functional neuroendocrine tumors such as insulinomas.

Thrombocytopenia is a rare and sometimes life-threatening complication of Vancomycin. A 52-year-old male patient with acute kidney injury was treated with Vancomycin for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Three days later, his platelets decreased from 172×109/L to 3×109/L over a 36-hour period. The patient developed significant intrapulmonary bleeding leading to profound hypoxemia. Workup was negative for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune diseases. All recently started medications were discontinued, and the patient was started empirically on methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. The patient’s platelets increased, and his airway bleeding stopped within 48 hours; his platelet count returned to normal by 18 days. Vancomycin-dependent anti-platelet antibodies were identified in the patient’s serum by flow cytometry. Thrombocytopenia is an underrecognized complication of Vancomycin that can lead to life-threating bleeding. Stopping Vancomycin may be sufficient to reverse the thrombocytopenia in patients with normal renal function, but more aggressive measures such as steroids, IVIG, and dialysis may be required to stop bleeding and reverse thrombocytopenia in patients with underlying kidney injury who cannot effectively excrete Vancomycin.

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