To estimate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among diabetic patients and to investigate GERD's potential association with diabetic complications, and patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the GERD questionnaire (GerdQ) in 403 diabetic patients attending the outpatient clinics
Purpose To estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among university medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, after establishing remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic and to compare settings of electronic device usage and patterns of CVS protective measures applied by students before and during this pandemic. Methods This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional study which included 1st to 5th year medical students who were actively enrolled at the governmental colleges of medicine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 lockdown. The sample size was estimated to be 287 medical students. Participants were asked to volunteer and fill an electronic online questionnaire. Results A total of 300 medical students were included in this study. 94.0% reported at least one symptom of CVS, while 67% reported having more than three symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were musculoskeletal pain (84.3%), headache (71.1%) and dry eyes (68%). Thirty-eight percent of the students experienced more severe symptoms, while 48% experienced more frequent symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk factors for having three or more symptoms were being a female ( p < 0.001) and using electronic devices for longer periods (6.8 h ± 2.8) during COVID-19 lockdown ( p < 0.001). Conclusion CVS prevalence during COVID-19 era among medical students is high. This necessitates increasing the awareness of CVS and its preventive measures.
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of CVS (computer vision syndrome) among university medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia after establishing remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic and to compare patterns and settings of electronic devices used by students before and during this pandemic. Methods: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional study. 1st to 5th year medical students actively enrolled at the governmental colleges of medicine in Riyadh were asked to fill an electronic online questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information and various variables to be studied. Results: A total of 300 medical students were included in this study. 282 (94.0%) reported at least one symptom of CVS. The most frequently reported symptoms were musculoskeletal: neck, shoulder and back pain in 253 (84.3%), headache in 213 (71.1%) and dry eyes in 204 (68%). 38% of the students experienced more severe symptoms while 48% experienced more frequent symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic. The risk factors for experiencing three or more symptoms of CVS were using electronic devices for longer periods (6.8 hours ±2.8) during COVID-19 (p<0.001) OR 1.21 [1.09-1.35] 95% CI, and being of female gender (p<0.001) OR 3.29 [2.00-5.43] 95% CI. Conclusion: CVS prevalence during COVID-19 era among medical students is high. This necessitates increasing the awareness of CVS and its preventive measures.
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