In intravenous injection manipulation, popular visual method of fast and accurate finding of veins strongly depends on patient body and physician experience. Especially for geriatric, pediatric or obese patients, nurses or paramedics may fail in the first intravenous injection and have to repeat many times, which causes a lot of pains or discomforts for the patients. This paper will introduce some studies on imaging of vein using two-wavelength optical method, on basis of which a vein finder instrument can be optimally designed for supporting intravenous injection manipulation.

Ly Son (Quang Ngai province) and Phu Quy (Binh Thuan province) are two island districts in Vietnam that have similar natural characteristics; both are facing the issues of sustainable economic development. This research applied Man-Kendall model to estimate the trend of some socioeconomic elements in these two island districts that have been collected during the period of 2002-2018. In general, socioeconomic factors showed a tendency to increase recently. Ly Son island district has faster growth rate than that of Phu Quy because Phu Quy is farther from the mainland, more difficult to access and this island district does not own distinct local products. However, with the current development speed, Ly Son is facing several consequences such as insufficient water sources to meet the water demand and security instability due to the increasing number of visitors to the island. This research also proposed that, in order to sustainably develop the two island districts, there should be a specific structure for economic development orientation among sectors based on phased schedule. More importantly, tourism development planning should take capacity into consideration. Fishing practices should pay attention to methods and fishing equipment. Infrastructure investment for environmental protection as well as advocacy program to minimize the use of plastic bags should be done on a regular basis.

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