Abstract. Existing research has uncovered the question of how to realize organizational ambidexterity from the perspective of structure and context. Structural ambidexterity refers to dividing the organization system into multiple subsystems, each subsystem implements specific exploration and exploitation activities according to the external environment needs. The context perspective holds that achieving organizational ambidexterity depends on creating such a high performance context within the firm as discipline, stretch, support, and trust.

Abstract. Organizational ambidexterity is an important strategy for firm's survival. Existing research has discovered that TMT and firm characteristics are two influencing factors of organizational ambidexterity. TMT behavioral integration balances strategic conflicts between exploration and exploitation through creating a paradigmatic cognitive framework and processes. TMT diversification creates contradictory cognitive frameworks that can enhance the team's strategic planning capabilities and finally promote organizational ambidexterity. Except that, organizational ambidexterity can also be influenced by organizational foresight, learning capability and innovative culture. Innovative culture can help firms obtain strategic flexibility to adapt to the environment, and further help firms adjust their organizational practices to conflicts originating from ambidexterity.

Organizational researchers are using ambidexterity, the ability of humans to use both hands with equal skill, as a metaphor for organizations that are equally dexterous at exploitation and exploration. Existing definition of organizational ambidexterity can be divided into three categories: structural ambidexterity, behavioral ambidexterity and realized ambidexterity. Scholars based on the balance view believe that organizational ambidexterity is mainly measured by the absolute value of the difference of competing strategic behavior, while scholars based on the integration view believe that organizational ambidexterity is mainly measured by the product of competing strategic behavior.