This research to know the stimulation of reproduction point with a semiconductor laserpuncture to estrous synchronization of Bali Cattle was conducted in Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grati-Pasuruan, East Java. Estrous synchronization is a technique to get the sign of estrous and ovulation (estrous outside of estrous cycle) to be easier to detect estrous, synchronization of breeding, and shorter of calving interval. Laserpuncture was applied on 8 head bali cattles at 14 reproduction acupuncture points, 10 second for each point, 3 times frequency with interval 1 day (20-24 times). The variabel of this assessment were respons and signs of estrous, synchronized of estrous with Chi square test and T-test method. Result showed that there was significant correlation between semiconductor laserpuncture with estrous synchronization (p < 0,05). The result of assessment 8 (100%) head bali cattle was estrous. The respons of estrous appeared 1 head (12,5%) on 5th day (4th day post laserpuncture), 4 head (50%) on 6th day (5th day post laserpuncture) 1 head (12,5) on 8th day (7th day post laserpuncture), and 2 head (25%) on 10th day (9th day post laserpuncture). This result showed that semi conductor laserpuncture technology was effective to stimulate estrous synchronization and resulting ovulation, with the evidence that conception was occurred.

The study was aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of water extract of the Luvunga sarmentosa stem in an animal model. Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5). Group 1 was administered 0.9% normal saline (negative control), group 2 was administered 150 mg/kg diclofenac sodium (positive control), and groups 3 to 5 were administered 50, 300, and 550 mg/kg BW of L. sarmentosa extract, respectively. Carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into each rat's subplantar region of the left hind paw. The paw volume was measured using a plethysmometer. The results showed that the water extract of L. sarmentosa stem (doses of 50, 300, and 550 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced the paw edema volume from the 4th to 5th hour compared to the negative control. The percent inhibition of edema at the 5th hour is 47.45; 46.95; 50.39%. The first phase of the edema (1st and 2nd hour) was not affected by the extract. Meanwhile, diclofenac sodium decreased paw edema volume from the 1st to 5th hour with a percent inhibition of 95.90% at the 5th hour. The histopathology result is relevant to the percentage inhibition of edema. Treatment with L. sarmentosa extract showed slight improvement, destruction of epidermal tissue, hyperkeratotic skin, and subepidermal edema. Meanwhile, positive control showed no inflammatory signs with normal keratin, subepidermal, and subcutaneous layers. The water extract of L. sarmentosa stem has anti-inflammatory activity. This extract effectively reduces the paw edema volume in the late phase with decreased neutrophil infiltration.

Luvunga sarmentosa, commonly known as saluang belum, is widely used in Kalimantan to relieve pains, rheumatism, boost the immune system, and fever. The research on the free radical scavenging and analgesic effect of the L. sarmentosa stem extract has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging and analgesic activity of the ethanol extract of L. sarmentosa. The L. sarmentosa stem was extracted using 70% ethanol and tested for free radical scavenging using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and analgesic activity, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and hot plate test in an animal model. The results showed that the 70% ethanol extract of the L. sarmentosa had an anti-free radical scavenging and analgesic activity. The extract has weak free radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 293.45 µg/mL. Analgesic activity using the writhing test indicated that the extract significantly reduced the writhes count after oral administration in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control. Extract at a dose of 550 mg/kg BW can reduce the writhing test by 67.60% compared to others. In contrast, the diclofenac sodium reduced the number of writhes by 74.74%. While in a hot plate, the extract at a dose of 550 mg/kg BW produced a maximum possible analgesia (MPA) of 17.64%, lower than the MPA of diclofenac sodium (51.01%). Analgesic activity of the extract has higher inhibition on the writhing test than on the hot plate. The extract could be responsible for the peripheral mechanism by inhibiting the prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Context: Ruta angustifolia Pers. has been used as a traditional herb among counties. The ethanol extract of R. angustifolia has proven active as an anti-hepatitis C virus in vitro. Due to the potency of this plant, a safety evaluation is necessary. Aims: To examine the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of ethanol extract of R. angustifolia leaves in rats. Methods: An acute toxicity study was done by treating 70% ethanol extract of R. angustifolia (doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg of BW), while the control group received 1% Tween-80. Toxicity signs and mortality of rats for 14 days were observed. While sub-chronic (28-days repeated dose) toxicity was evaluated with 4 groups, both males and females. The three groups were treated with 70% ethanol extract of R. angustifolia at doses of 50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW daily for 28 days, and one group served as a control group. Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters were measured after the period of treatment. Results: The acute toxicity was no demonstrated toxicity signs or mortality effects up to 14 days of the experiment. Therefore, the LD50 value of the extract was estimated to be higher than 2000 mg/kg BW. The sub-chronic assay revealed no mortality and toxicity effects, including behavior parameters, relative body weight, hematology, and biochemical at 50 and 500 mg/kg BW doses. However, a significant change was seen in the testis of all doses and the liver of the male rats treated at 1000 mg/kg BW. Histopathology assay observed the presence of activated Kupffer cells, sinusoidal dilatation, and infiltration of lymphocytes at the portal vein in the liver with 1000 mg/kg BW. Those may indicate possible toxicity in the liver at the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. However, no toxic effect at the lower doses tested. Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of Ruta angustifolia leaves ethanolic extract is relatively safe. The application of high doses needs to be evaluated.