Teaching in the 21st century poses many challenges for teachers, and thus, they need to take on more roles in their schools to meet the expectations of students, parents and the school community. In this regard, this study examined the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and their job satisfaction. Participants of the study were 489 elementary, middle and high school teachers in the district of Beyoğlu, İstanbul. 295 (61%) of the participants were female and 194 (39%) were male. The average age of the participants was 34. Their teaching experience varied between 1-29 years. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction, and teacher self-efficacy was found to be a significant predictor of job satisfaction.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between school principals’ instructional leadership behaviors, teacher self-efficacy, and collective teacher efficacy. Design/methodology/approach The participants were a total of 427 teachers working in elementary, middle, and high schools located in the Cekmekoy district of Istanbul. The data were gathered through the “Effective School Leadership Scale,” the “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale,” and the “Collective Efficacy Scale.” Arithmetic mean, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the data analysis. Findings The results revealed positive and significant relationships between school leadership, teacher self-efficacy, and collective teacher efficacy. In addition, effective school leadership behaviors and teacher self-efficacy perceptions were found to be positive and significant predictors of collective teacher efficacy perceptions. Originality/value School principals can implement practices to enhance teachers’ competence, to make them feel more effective and competent as a group. In this sense, teachers who do not feel competent can be guided by those who have more experience in the profession. Additionally, opportunities through which they can experience success can be created for these teachers.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between school culture and teacher leadership. A total of 366 teachers working in high schools in the Şişli district of Istanbul participated in this study. The data were gathered through the "Organizational Culture Scale" and the "Teacher Leadership Scale." The results of the study showed that the teachers' perceptions of school culture were focused on task-oriented culture, while their perceptions of teacher leadership were concentrated on organizational development. Positive and significant relationships were revealed between all subdimensions of school culture and those of teacher leadership. Support-oriented culture and task-oriented culture were found to be positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension of "organizational development." In addition, success-oriented culture and bureaucratic culture were positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension of "professional development." Furthermore, another teacher leadership dimension, "collaboration with colleagues," was positively and significantly predicted by support-oriented culture, task-oriented culture, and success-oriented culture.

In this study, 48 empirical studies on teacher self-efficacy published between 2000-2017 were reviewed in terms ofcertain basic characteristics, and the research trends were revealed in this area. According to the results obtained inthe review, teacher self-efficacy studies in the Turkish context showed an increase in the course of time. Teacherself-efficacy in a specific area was observed to be frequently examined within the context of teaching a subject orusing technology in education. This increase in the number of studies did not reflect much on the diversity of theresearch methods employed, and the studies were often conducted by using quantitative methods. Elementary andmiddle schools were mostly chosen as the research context. Furthermore, the amount of research on threeself-efficacy areas (i.e. collective teacher efficacy, teacher self-efficacy sources, and teachers’ general self-efficacy)were considerably limited. Moreover, none of the studies examined the relationship between teacher self-efficacyand collective teacher efficacy and student achievement. Common findings of the studies showed that teacherself-efficacy was a strong predictor or a mediator variable. In this sense, researchers are suggested to study howself-efficacy can be developed experimental and longitudinal works and to conduct studies to reveal insights aboutcollective efficacy in schools, teachers’ general self-efficacy, and the outcomes of these efficacy characteristics.