This paper reports on an investigation on Finnish-Estonian mutual intelligibility carried out by means of a word translation task among 307 Finnish and 118 Estonian participants. The results confirm previous findings by Kaivapalu (2015) that both in the spoken and in the written mode Estonians understand isolated words in Finnish better than Finns understand isolated words in Estonian. Older participants performed better than younger participants.Many of the participants had at least some previous exposure to the test language and were therefore familiar with some words and sound correspondences. However, we were also interested in testing how well speakers of the two languages could understand the other language purely on the basis of the similarity of the languages. We therefore separately analyzed the data produced by a subset of participants with no or little exposure to the test language. The results were still asymmetric, but only in the spoken mode. We looked at various linguistic and non-linguistic factors that could explain why some cognates are more easily recognized than others.To put our results into perspective, we compared them to the results of the similar experiments involving 70 Germanic, Romance and Slavic language combinations.
Finnish and Estonian are relatively closely related languages, which, however, are not considered unconditionally mutually intelligible. The present article discusses the mutual intelligibility of Finnish and Estonian and explores the means by which mutual understanding is created in actual Finnish-Estonian multilingual communication. The data consist of video-recorded informal conversations between Finns and Estonians belonging to a social network in which using both languages (Finnish and Estonian) is a common way of communication. The data are analyzed within the framework of conversation analysis using the concept of participation framework. An overview of informal Finnish- Estonian receptive multilingualism is provided and the language choices are discussed. It is demonstrated that participating in either language does not necessarily cause problems in interaction, and that the shared elements of the languages constitute one resource in creating mutual understanding. However, the participation is also actively facilitated for the participants not competent in both the languages. Receptive multilingualism is shown to be a group phenomenon in the studied data.
Viro ja suomi ovat sukukieliä, joita ei yleensä pidetä keskenään vaivatta ymmärrettävinä. Suomalaisten ja virolaisten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa kielten samankaltaisuus luo kuitenkin pohjan yhteisen ymmärryksen rakentamiselle. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten viron ja suomen samankaltaisuutta käytetään resurssina sellaisessa suomalais-virolaisessa vuorovaikutuksessa, jota voi kutsua reseptiiviseksi monikielisyydeksi. Reseptiivisellä monikielisyydellä tarkoitetaan vuorovaikutusta, jossa käytetään pääasiassa kunkin osallistujan äidinkieltä ja jossa ei useimmiten ole käytössä erillistä lingua francaa. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu videoiduista monenkeskisistä arkikeskusteluista, joita analysoidaan keskustelunanalyysin keinoin. Tutkimuksessa osoitetaan, että vuorovaikutuksen virolaiset ja suomalaiset osallistujat luovat ryhmän yhteistä koodia yhdistämällä kielten aineksia toisiinsa hyödyntäen kontrastiivista tietämystään ääntämyksen, morfologian ja sanaston tasolla. Tutkimuksessa näytetään toteen myös se, että aina näin tuotetuilla kompromissimuodoilla ei pyritä (pelkästään) ymmärrettävyyden parantamiseen, vaan niitä voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi kielellä leikittelyyn ja monikielisen ryhmäidentiteetin luomiseen
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