<p>Air pollution problem is the main challenge of the present. It is known that the transport is one of the main emission sources of such pollutants as NOx, CO, and TSP. Thus decreasing of emissions from the mobile sources could be one of the key elements of air emissions problem solution. The developing of measures to reduce the negative impact of the air pollution requires detailed information on emissions sources and the relationship between emissions and air quality. The article is devoted to assessment of annual variability of air pollution by transport and revealing the correlation between emissions of pollutants and their concentration.</p><p>Emissions assessment of main pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2, NMVOC, TSP) was carried out using emissions model COPERT, which is widely used to assess emissions from transport sector on different levels of aggregation – from city to country. The main input parameters of the model are vehicle fleet information (number of vehicles by fuel type, environmental standards, and the engine capacity), fuel consumption, meteorological conditions, mileage by vehicle types, average speeds for each category of vehicles. Data on pollutants concentration in the air were obtained from the National environmental monitoring system of Belarus.</p><p>It was shown that the annual emissions variability differs depending on type of pollutants. In particular the maximum carbon monoxide emissions were observed in cold months, and minimum - in warm months. The main source of CO emissions variation is emissions during the cold start. In the case of NMVOC emissions the situation is reverse.  Maximum emissions were obtained in August and minimum emissions in winter months. Comparison of the obtained emissions data with the concentration has shown high correlation for CO and NMVOC.</p><p>The findings could help to understand ways of air quality formation thereby to develop a solution on air quality management.</p>

<p>Reducing the risks associated with the effects of polluted air on public health is one of the main tasks of sustainable urban development. This problem can be solved in two different ways: by emission reduction and by minimization of human exposure to elevated concentrations of pollutants. In the context of the second approach, it is important to plan the urban area in order to minimize places with a large number of people and poor dispersion conditions.</p><p>For this purpose investigation and identification of street canyons in Minsk city was performed. With population ca 2 mln inhabitants Minsk is one of the most populated European cities. Due to many historical destructions of the city nowadays it has mainly planned structure of streets and buildings according to General plans of urban development designed in the second part of the XX century. According to the plans Minsk has relatively wide main transport lines surrounded by mid-level buildings and has good conditions for air circulation and air pollutions spatial dispersion. Nevertheless, there is some location in the city with conditions close to urban street canyons and is characterised with high pedestrian and traffic intensity. Besides in modern construction so density planning not so rare. That's in addition to limited air pollution concentration researches makes important measurements and assessments in such conditions in Minsk.</p><p>For sampling, urban canyons NOx concentration in the air were carried out in 2012-2019 in Minsk. Air was sampled on both sides of “street canyons” taking into account weather conditions. During sampling, traffic accounting was carried out. The concentration of NOx was determined by the fluorimetric method.</p><p>Obtained results have shown that the actual formation of “street canyons” occurs even with a low height of buildings along to the streets with heavy traffic. It has been shown that a statistically significant increase of NOx content by 20–50% on the windward side compared to the leeward with buildings height comparable to the width of streets. Besides statistical reliable correlation between emissions levels (assessed based on traffic data) and measured concentrations are observed.</p><p>Identified patterns of air concentration in combination with GIS allow identifying areas with potential increased risk of exposure. This knowledge will help to plan urban territory in a sustainable way.</p>

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