The objectives of the study were to show the basic differences between Distance, Blended and Online learning, and establish their common challenges from literature. Approximately 35 categories/sets of research results or findings from more than 65 publications were reviewed and used for this work. Articles were obtained from sources such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Google Search Engine, and Elsevier. The key themes used for the search are Distance education, Distance learning, Online learning, Blended learning, Differences between face-to-face and online learning, and the use of the internet for learning. The differences between Distance, Blended, and Online Learning (DBOL) modes were summarized, and 11 challenges of DBOL were realized. These 11 challenges were summarized into six themes namely, lack of infrastructure, low or no IT skills, self-disciplinary problems, content issues, policy issues, and social issues. It was strongly advised that, for effective DBOL implementation and operation, there must be in place a solid DBOL policy, adequate infrastructure, and constant training of stakeholders on the use of learning management systems and the development of related IT skills in general.

The continual innovation in technology has ripple effect on the way services are offered and undoubtedly has affected educational policies leading to educational reform. Governments, including the Government of Ghana have shown support to Universities in their implementation of eLearning. However, there is gap in the eLearning practice in Ghana. A well structured eLearning system with a supervisory role of Government and support system from university management for eLearners is little to none. How should online course be accredited? What pedagogy would ensure that the impact of skills and knowledge are not compromise for distance learners? What security measures should be put in place to ensure that learner's data is secured? How Universities collaboration challenges can be minimized? and How students' satisfaction level of eLearning system can be enhanced? This study seeks to answer these questions as a basis for eLearning policy debate at the National level.

The study attempts to contribute to the recent call on security issues in eLearning.  Security issues in eLearning have been advanced at organizational level.  These concerns had not been put in the light of effects on the diffusion of eLearning practice.  eLearning involves the use of the web, digital media to deliver knowledge and skills.  There is lack of the perspective of security issues at the individual level as a facilitator to the diffusion of innovations.  This study proposes perceived security and how it affects the diffusion of eLearning practices in HEI as an additional perceived eLearning (innovation) attribute.  The study seeks to find out the extent to which perceived security affect eLearning diffusion in the Universities.                    The research adopts a quantitative approach by the use of surveys.  A survey has the capability of getting a wider and global perspective.  Thus, these generalized views facilitate inform decision making in Universities’ eLearning practice.  The dependent variable for the quantitative approach is the diffusion of eLearning practice in the Universities. The independent variables are the perceived characteristics of eLearning system by students and the factors that characterize students’ adoption of eLearning systems in Universities.                    The study found out that perceived security had the highest effect on eLearning diffusion among the students in the three Universities.

The study attempts to contribute to the recent call on security issues in eLearning. Security issues in eLearning have been advanced at organizational level. These concerns had not been put in the light of effects on the diffusion of eLearning practice. ELearning involves the use of the web, digital media to deliver knowledge and skills. There is lack of the perspective of security issues at the individual level as a facilitator to the diffusion of innovations. This study proposes perceived security and how it affects the diffusion of eLearning practices in HEI as an additional perceived eLearning (innovation) attribute. The study seeks to find out the extent to which perceived security affect eLearning diffusion in the Universities. The research adopts a quantitative approach by the use of surveys. A survey has the capability of getting a wider and global perspective. Thus, these generalized views facilitate inform decision making in Universities' eLearning practice. The dependent variable for the quantitative approach is the diffusion of eLearning practice in the Universities. The independent variables are the perceived characteristics of eLearning system by students and the factors that characterize students' adoption of eLearning systems in Universities. The study found out that perceived security had the highest effect on eLearning diffusion among the students in the three Universities.

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to analyze how artisans in Ghana are incorporating mobile commerce into their everyday business and how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, age, gender, expertise, and educational level affected the adoption and usage of m-commerce. Background: This study integrates well-established theoretical models to create a new conceptual model that ensures a comprehensive mobile commerce adoption survey. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the constructs and their relations to test the research model. Contribution: The study’s findings confirmed previous results and produced a new conceptual model for mobile commerce adoption and usage. Findings: Except for gender, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms that did not have specific effects on mobile commerce adoption, age, educational level, perceived usefulness, expertise, attitude, and behavioral intention showed significant effects. Recommendations for Practitioners: First of all, mobile commerce service providers should strategically pay critical attention to customer-centered factors that positively affect the adoption of mobile commerce innovations than focusing exclusively on technology-related issues. Mobile service providers can attract more users if they carefully consider promoting elements like perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use which directly or indirectly affect the individuals’ decision to adopt information technology from consumer perspectives. Second, mobile commerce service providers should strategically focus more on younger individuals since, per the research findings, they are more likely to adopt mobile commerce innovations than the older folks in Ghana. Third, service providers should also devise strategies to retain actual users of m-commerce by promoting elements like behavioral intentions and attitude, which according to the research findings, have a higher predictive power on actual usage of m-commerce. Recommendation for Researchers: The conceptual model developed can be employed by researchers worldwide to analyze technology acceptance research. Impact on Society: The study’s findings suggested that mobile commerce adoption could promote a cashless society that is convenient for making buying things quicker and easier. Future Research: The research sample size could be increased, and also the study could all sixteen regions in Ghana or any other country for a broader representation.