Background Given the increasing incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), medical student training on substance use disorders (SUDs) and opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy must be augmented. Through the Cuddling Assists in Lowering Maternal and Infant Stress (CALM) service-learning program, medical students attend SUD-related didactics and provide monthly cuddling services to infants with NOWS. Objective: This study examines the impact of CALM on medical students’ attitudes toward individuals with SUDs and self-reported comfort with clinical skills related to caring for this population. Methods Self-reported pre- and post-survey data was collected at the beginning and end of an academic year from the intervention group, CALM cuddlers, and the control group, non-cuddlers for 2 years. Mean total survey scores and individual survey questions using a 3-point Likert scale were compared before and after 1 year of participation for cuddlers and for non-cuddlers using paired t-tests and two sample t-tests. Results The mean total score increased for cuddlers after participation in the intervention (MD 0.13, SD 0.26, p = 0.03). Mean scores for the comfort-related subset of questions also increased significantly for cuddlers after participation in the intervention (MD 0.22, SD 0.41, p = 0.01). Cuddlers felt more comfortable discussing substance use with appropriate language (72.0% vs 51.5%, p = 0.03), talking with patients about substance use (72.0% vs 36.0%, p = 0.01), and asking about substance use or recovery (80.0% vs 48.0%, p = 0.01). Conclusion OUD- and NOWS-related service-learning positively impacts student attitudes and self-reported comfort with skills related to caring for individuals with SUDs, such as communicating about substance use.

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Background: While recent vaccine development has initiated a return to pre-COVID "normalcy" both in the dermatology clinic and worldwide, significant challenges remain regarding the public’s willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Dermatologists often discuss vaccinations with their patients and aid them in making evidence-based medical decisions. Previous studies have looked at the U.S. population’s willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, but no studies have examined the dermatology patient population from an urban, safety-net hospital. Studies have shown that understanding the target audience is the first step towards increasing vaccine acceptance. Methods: A cross-sectional, telephone-based survey study was administered to 326 patients of an urban, safety-net hospital from July 2020 to August 2020 in order to assess willingness to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Our survey study showed that 57.7% of patients with a recent dermatology appointment are willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and that safety concerns represent the main reason for patient hesitancy. Patients who do not regularly receive a flu vaccine, non-Caucasian patients, and those who know someone who tested positive for COVID-19 are less willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Patients with a recent dermatology appointment are more willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine than those who did not have a recent dermatology appointment. Conclusions: Our results provide dermatologists, especially those working in urban safety-net clinics, with key information about the attitude of patients toward the COVID-19 vaccine.