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Quantifying the energy impact of teleworking has been challenging due to the low prevalence of telework. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated widespread shift to telework provides a new opportunity to study the energy impact of teleworking. Within two months of the lockdowns we surveyed 278 knowledge-based workers in Canada who started primarily working from home to investigate their energy-related behaviours and attitudes. The survey’s major themes are energy-saving actions taken in the office, equipment used for telework, impacts on home energy usage, and both awareness of and response to electricity pricing. Given trends towards increased teleworking in the future, these results can inform public policy related to teleworking and energy.

Sky-wave over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) propagates radio waves off the ionosphere to provide long-range surveillance around the Earth's curvature. Frequency selection for high-latitude and polar OTHRs is challenging unless there is an environmental monitor that addresses the significant ionospheric variability in high-latitude regions, a spectrum monitor that finds unoccupied frequencies in the high-frequency (HF) radio waveband, and a frequency management system (FMS) that selects an optimal frequency from the merged results of the environmental monitor and spectrum monitor. This article describes the first FMS for high-latitude OTHR that merges results from the environmental monitor and spectrum monitor in realtime. The environmental monitor uses the assimilative Canadian high-arctic ionospheric model (A-CHAIM), which assimilates near-real-time data and is, to date, the most advanced ionospheric model for high-latitude regions. Despite remaining limitations, demonstrations of this real-time FMS between a transmitter and four targets during the day and night and during fall and summer show that it could be one of the tools for selecting frequencies for operational scenarios.

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