In this uncontrolled study, the intervention period was associated with reduced distress, increased confidence and ability to regulate emotion. Recommendations for continuing this model of service delivery are made. Further research is needed.

This study investigated the development of national ingroup bias in 5-11-year-old children. Three hundred and seven English children were asked to attribute characteristics to their own national group either on its own or in conjunction with attributing characteristics to one of two national outgroups, either Americans or Germans. The importance which the children ascribed to their own national identity in relationship to their other social identities was also assessed. It was found that, with increasing age, there was an increase in the number of negative characteristics which were attributed to the national ingroup, and an increase in the number of positive characteristics which were attributed to the two outgroups, the net result being an overall reduction in ingroup bias across this age range. However, ingroup favouritism was still exhibited at all ages. Greater importance was attributed to national identity with increasing age. However, the characteristics which were attributed to the English ingroup did not vary as a function of the comparative outgroup which was present while the attributions were being made. The presence of a comparative outgroup also did not affect the importance which was ascribed to the national identity. These findings suggest that children are relatively insensitive to the prevailing comparative context when making judgements about national groups.

No abstract

The sample comprised 102 people who inject drugs. Internalized stigma was higher among participants who reported being depressed in the past month, and was also associated with greater severity of drug dependence and diminished self-esteem. There was no relationship between internalized stigma and shared use of needles or other injecting equipment in the past month. Conclusions/Importance: Findings underscore the need for further investigation of internalized stigma among people who inject drugs. In particular, future research should assess the impact of implicit (i.e., subconscious) internalized stigma on mental health.

A frequent complaint by service-users of psychiatric inpatient units is the unavailability of talking therapy at precisely the time when they need to make sense of their situation. However, conventional models of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) delivery, with set numbers of sessions and diagnostic specificity, are not well suited to the conditions of the acute ward, with variable and unpredictable lengths of stay and multiple and indistinct presentations. This pilot study describes a modification of CBT designed to deliver an effective, brief therapy in these conditions. The approach is grounded on the cognitive science-based model, interacting cognitive subsystems, and draws on dialectical behaviour therapy and other recent, mindfulness-based CBT approaches to provide a combination of simple formulation and skills-based treatment. Evaluation in the inpatient setting also presents challenges, and these have been met by choosing measures that tap into self-efficacy and confidence in the management of emotions rather than symptomatic change. The evaluation data on a small number of cases suggest the effectiveness of the approach and the need for wider testing of the model. Copyright