This article focuses on conceptual and empirical issues related to the links between social and emotional learning (SEL) and inclusive education. SEL can be defined as the process of socialisation and education related to personal, interpersonal and problem-solving skills and competencies. This process takes place in formal and informal settings and is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, situational and cultural factors. Beside a person-centred focus, effective SEL interventions are provided within supportive learning environments and are directed at enhancing the social-emotional environmental factors that influence learning. Underlying theories and models related to SEL are reviewed, completed by empirical data stemming from prevention science, and developmental psychology. The role of SEL will be investigated with respect to children with emotional-behavioural difficulties and their social and cultural context. Finally, the multifaceted role of SEL and its preventive potential in inclusive school settings through modifications of input and content, teaching strategies and processes, as well as the improvement of learning environments are outlined.
This article investigates the importance of implementation level for the effectiveness of the school-based life skills program Lions Quest in a sample of Austrian students (n = 363 from three schools; aged 9-15 at T1). A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design with intervention and control group over 2 years was used. The effects of low, average, and high implementation levels on the outcome variables classroom climate, bullying and psychosocial health were analyzed. Multilevel analyses of the longitudinal data indicated greatest effects in the intervention group with highest implementation level, smaller effects with average implementation level, and no or rather detrimental effects in one case with the low implementation level (always compared with the control group who received no intervention). A moderate implementation level was necessary to foster the programs aims for three out of four aspects of class climate and bullying, while no effects were found for psychosocial health. These results are discussed with respect to key factors that are important for successful implementation of school programs.
Zusammenfassung. In einer Stichprobe von 579 16- bis 19jährigen Jugendlichen werden Zusammenhänge zwischen Depressivität und Aggressivität untersucht. Jugendliche mit hohen Depressivitäts- und gleichzeitig auch hohen Aggressivitätsscores (‘gemischte Symptomatik’) werden mit Jugendlichen, die in nur einer Dimension Depressivität oder Aggressivität hohe Scores aufweisen, in den Variablen wahrgenommene Lebensbelastung in verschiedenen Bereichen, Copingverhalten und die Anzahl unterstützender und konflikthafter sozialer Beziehungen verglichen. Zwischen Depressivitäts- und Aggressivitätssores konnten positive Korrelationen gefunden werden. Für verschiedene Lebensbelastungsdimensionen fanden sich geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede; höhere Lebensbelastung erhöht bei Mädchen das Risiko spezifisch für Depressivität, bei Jungen hingegen unspezifisch sowohl für Aggressivität als auch für Depressivität. Für beide Geschlechter scheint ein hohes Ausmaß an problemmeidenden Copingstrategien ein depressionsspezifisches Merkmal zu sein; ein höheres Ausmaß konflikthafter Beziehungen hingegen ein aggressionsspezifisches Charakteristikum. Die psychosozialen Charakteristika von Jugendlichen mit einer gemischten Symptomatik können als additive Effekte der beiden Störungen beschrieben werden: Sie zeichnen sich durch erhöhte Lebensbelastung, problemmeidendes Coping sowie ein erhöhtes Konfliktausmaß aus. Insgesamt unterstreichen diese Ergebnisse, daß dem gemeinsamen Auftreten depressiver und aggressiver Symptomatik sowohl in der klinischen Praxis als auch in der entwicklungspsychopathologischen Forschung vermehrte Beachtung geschenkt werden sollte.
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