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Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have been used in military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) for some time, with performance and safety advantages for reconnaissance related tasks. Reported here is a brief summary of the main research efforts conducted in cooperation with the Swedish Army Combat School concerning UGV use during reconnaissance activities. The SNOKEN II UGV was evaluated in two field exercises, indicating that it can be successfully used for several purposes. The importance of understanding the pros and cons of UGV use is emphasised in that this awareness enables the commander to decide in which situations it should be used. There is for example a trade-off between accepting limitations in pace of advance using the UGV, thereby also potentially increasing soldier safety, and the utility of quickly gathered reconnaissance information without the UGV.

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The aim of this study is to define and evaluate a methodological framework for human-machine interaction (HMI) readiness evaluation in system development for complex, high risk, and task-critical environments. The long-term objective is to establish a HMI readiness evaluation framework for environments with these characteristics, in this specific case HMI development for fighter aircrafts. Based on literature studies a series of interviews were conducted to identify shortcomings of current practices and methods, and define requirements for an enhanced methodology. The results were further explored during facilitated workshops with HMI subject matter experts. The overall result is a methodological framework based on triangulation of many already established evaluation methods and techniques, combined with a set of measurable HMI criteria. Inspired by risk management practices, the result of the proposed methodology is presented in a HMI assessment matrix. This matrix is proposed to form the basis of the HMI evaluation and assessment.