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Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung von suchtspezifischen Hilfen für Alkoholabhängige und Alkoholmißbraucher in der Erwachsenenbevölkerung. Aus einer von den Einwohnermeldeämtern per Zufall gezogenen Stichprobe wurden 4075 Personen bei einer Ausschöpfung von 70,2% in einem persönlichen Interview befragt. Die Diagnosen Alkoholabhängigkeit und Alkoholmißbrauch nach DSM-IV wurden mit Hilfe des M-CIDI erhoben. Mit standardisierten Fragen wurden Inanspruchnahme suchtspezifischer Hilfen sowie Gründe für die Nicht-Inanspruchnahme von Hilfen erfragt. Bei Alkoholmißbrauchern ergaben sich sehr geringe Inanspruchnahmeraten, am häufigsten genannt wurde mit 5,4% die Beratung durch einen Arzt. Personen, die im Verlauf ihres Lebens eine Alkoholabhängigkeit gehabt haben, zeigten zu 59,5% keinerlei Kontakt zu suchtspezifischen Hilfen, bei 13,7% lagen geringfügige Kontakte und bei 26,8% weitergehende Hilfen vor. Mit 92,7% hatte ein großer Anteil Alkoholabhängiger mindestens einmal im letzten Jahr Kontakt zu Einrichtungen der medizinischen Versorgung, was für sekundärpräventive Maßnahmen in diesen Bereichen spricht.

Current knowledge of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population is basically derived from highly standardized and fully structured interviews such as the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), which were administered by psychiatric lay interviewers. The feasibility of the most recent German version of the CIDI, the Munich‐CIDI (M‐CIDI) was analysed with respect to unit and item non‐response. We also analysed the effects of editing and interviewer training, constituting quality assurance procedures that are inherent with the CIDI. A random sample of 4075 adults in a northern German region were interviewed by 56 psychiatric lay interviewers, using the M‐CIDI, enabling an assessment to be made of the most frequent DSM‐IV diagnoses over the whole lifespan. Editing was carried out by psychologists and was combined with weekly interviewer training and individualized feedback. Results show a negligible rate of interview‐induced unit non‐response (0.1% only partially completed interviews) and item‐non‐response due to refusal, except for illicit drug use (3%). Considerable item non‐response due to ‘don't know’ answers occurred in time‐related questions. Errors detected by editing led to data correction in 37% of all interviews. Alcohol, nicotine, and somatoform disorder sections were mainly affected on the level of items and diagnostic decision. Occurrence of errors decreased with increasing interviewer experience and training in CIDI administration, but was not associated with participants' characteristics such as age and educational level. Complex time‐related questions, allocation of physicians' diagnoses, and calculation of alcohol consumption index were most frequently subject to editing. We conclude that the application of editing may significantly influence the result of psychiatric epidemiological studies for some diagnostic categories. Findings are discussed on the background of future improvements of the CIDI. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

Background and AimsA definition of gaming disorder (GD) was introduced in ICD-11. The purpose of this study was to develop a short screening test for GD, utilizing a reference GD group. It also sought to estimate the prevalence of GD among individuals, representative of the general young population in Japan.MethodsTwo hundred eighty one men and women selected from the general population, aged between 10 and 29 years, and 44 treatment seekers at our center completed a self-reported questionnaire comprising candidate questions for the screening test. The reference group with ICD-11 GD was established, based on face-to-face interviews with behavioral addiction experts, using a diagnostic interview instrument. The questions in the screening test were selected to best differentiate those who had GD from those who did not, and the cutoff value was determined using the Youden index.ResultsA nine-item screening test (GAMES test) was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 98% and the positive predictive value in the study sample was 91%. The GAMES test comprised two factors, showed high internal consistency and was highly reproducible. The estimated prevalence of GD among the general young population was 7.6% (95% confidence interval; 6.6–8.7%) for males and 2.5% (1.9–3.2%) for females, with a combined prevalence of 5.1% (4.5–5.8%).Discussion and ConclusionThe GAMES test shows high validity and reliability for screening of ICD-11 GD. The estimated prevalence of 5.1% among the general young population was comparable to the pooled estimates of young people globally.