The Pure Theory of Law is a theory of positive law, not of a definite legal order, but of the law in general. It is a general theory of law. As such it is the most consistent version of that school of jurisprudence which is called legal positivism because it considers as “law” only positive law and refuses to recognize as law any other normative social order even if, in the usage of language, it is called “law”, as e.g. so-called “natural law”.Law is—according to the Pure Theory of Law—by its very nature a definite type of norm. As a “norm” the law is the specific meaning of an act of will directed at a definite human behavior. This meaning is: that men ought to behave in a certain way. Hence an essential presupposition of the Pure Theory of Law as a positivistic theory is the recognition of the fundamental difference between the “ought” and the “is”, between norms and assertions. Assertions describe a certain object; they are true or false; norms are not describing, but prescribing; they are neither true nor false; they are valid or non-valid. Hence it is necessary to distinguish as clearly as possible between legal norms established by the legal authority, and assertions of the science of law about legal norms, the sentences by which this science describes its object.
Hans Kelsen is considered to be one of the foremost legal theorists and philosophers of the 20th century. His writing made an important contribution to many areas, especially those of legal theory and international law. Over a number of decades, he developed an important legal theory which found its first complete exposition in Reine Rechtslehre, or Pure Theory of Law, the first edition of which was published in Vienna in 1934. This is the first English translation of that work. It covers such topics as law and morality, the legal system and its hierarchical structure, the identity of law and state, and international law.
Bei dem vorliegenden Band handelt es sich um eine Studienausgabe der von Hans Kelsen im Jahre 1934 vorgelegten »Reine[n] Rechtslehre«. Dieses Werk gehört zweifelsohne zu den rechtstheoretischen Schlüsselschriften des 20. Jahrhunderts. In ihm entwickelt Kelsen erstmals im systematischen Zusammenhang seine einerseits das Recht von der Moral, andererseits die Norm vom Faktum konsequent scheidende Rechtstheorie. Wer auf der Höhe der Zeit über Struktur und Geltung von Recht und die Eigenart von Rechtswissenschaft, kurz: wer über das Rechtliche am Recht nachdenken will, kommt an der »Reine[n] Rechtslehre« nicht vorbei. Gleichviel, ob und inwieweit man dem ideologiekritischen Positivismus der »Wiener Schule der Rechtstheorie« zuzustimmen geneigt ist oder nicht, gibt diese erste Gesamtdarstellung von Kelsens Rechtslehre ein Re exionsniveau vor, hinter welches der rechtstheoretische Diskurs nicht zurückfallen sollte. Die Erstau age der »Reine[n] Rechtslehre«, die weltweit in rund ein Dutzend Sprachen übersetzt worden ist, wurde in deutscher Sprache mehrfach nachgedruckt, ist indes derzeit vergri en. Sie wird hier in Gestalt einer mit einer ausführlichen Einleitung versehenen Studienausgabe vorgelegt, die am Studium des Rechts Interessierte zum Hineinlesen ermutigen und zum kritischen Nach-und Weiterdenken einladen möchte.
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