Repetition and coordination constitute pervasive phenomena in language and give rise to a host of linguistic structures and choices available to the language user in both speech and writing. In historical texts, which essentially come down to us in a written format, the motivations for repetition and coordination as well as their outcomes may differ from those characteristic of spoken spontaneous production. However, among structures arising from the choice (or need) to repeat and coordinate, one finds binomials, a phrasal unit whose shape, motivation and function bridge the spoken and written medium, bringing together phonology, semantics, syntax, style and etymology. Consider the following passages from different periods in the history of English: the text in (1) is an excerpt from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (late fourteenth century), in (2a) and (2b) we have fragments from early modern medical texts (Taavitsainen et al. 2010), and in (3)-from William Blackstone's Commentaries on the English laws (1723-1780). (1) Whan she hadd swowned with a deedly cheere, That it was routhe for to seen and here. She seyde, 'Lord, to whom Fortune hath yiven Victorie, and as a conqueror to lyven, Nat greveth us your glorie and your honour, But we biseken mercy and socour. Have mercy on oure wo and oure distresse! Som drope of pitee, thurgh thy gentilesse, Upon us wrecched women lat thou falle. For certes, lord, ther is noon of us alle, That she ne hath been a duchesse or a queene.' (Chaucer, The Knight'sTale, Fragment I, Cawley ed.

Binomials in general and English binomials in particular are a frequent, complex and important linguistic as well as stylistic phenomenon. 1 Compared to other linguistic phenomena, however, they are a relatively under-researched field. Therefore our aim is to provide a concise survey of English binomials, sketching their structure, function, history and the current state of scholarship, and pointing out possibilities for further research. 2 In Part I we provide a preliminary definition of binomials (2.), explain the concept of multinomials (3.), discuss the functions of binomials (4.), give a brief review of research (5.), followed by a quick survey of binomials in the history of English (6.), and an example of a dense use of binomials, i.e. where several binomials are used in sequence (7.). Subsequently we discuss some formal features of binomials (8.), especially their basic structure and various variations of it (8.1.), their word classes (8.2.), the conjunctions used (8.3.), additional embellishment and strengthening, especially alliteration and rhyme (8.4.), and other morphological aspects, especially word-formation (8.5.). The second part of this article will be published in the next issue of the journal. 1 Stylistics is, of course, an interdisciplinary field: it is part of linguistics as well as of literary studies. 2Of course we cannot claim completeness -the history of English binomials still remains to be written, and we have only sketched some aspects that can certainly be dealt with in greater detail.

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The construct Quality of Life (QoL) is investigated by metaanalysis of eight (inter)nationally validated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Data have been collected in a mentally healthy (n = 479), a depressed (n = 171) and a schizophrenic (n = 139) sample. Conventional psychometric criteria and a facet analytical methodology have been applied. The resulting questionnaire "Modular System for Quality of Life" (MSQoL) consists of a core module with 47 items (one "G-factor" and six subdimensions), which is sufficiently valid for all three samples. Additionally, there are four specific modules (demography, family, partnership, profession). No specific modules can be identified for the psychopathological subgroups. The validated radex structure for subjective QoL offers the opportunity for a cumulative research design and for adaptations to the actual setting.

Binomials in general and English binomials in particular are a frequent, complex and important linguistic as well as stylistic phenomenon. 1 Compared to other linguistic phenomena, however, they are a relatively under-researched field. Therefore our aim is to provide a concise survey of English binomials, sketching their structure, function, history and the current state of scholarship, and pointing out possibilities for further research. 2 The first part of this article was published in the previous issue of the journal. In Part II we move on to the etymological (9.) and the semantic structure of English binomials (10.). Very broadly speaking, we thus move from aspects that concern mainly the surface to features that lie a little deeper down. The etymological structure has to do with the use and distribution of native words and of loan-words; the semantic structure comprises synonyms, antonyms, and complementary pairs, as well as factual, stylistic, and cultural binomials. We also deal briefly with the semantic features of multinomials (11.), with the relation of translated binomials to their (especially Latin or French) source (12.), with differences between authors and texts (13.), with the sequence of elements and the factors 1 Stylistics is, of course, an interdisciplinary field: it is part of linguistics as well as of literary studies. 2Of course we cannot claim completeness -the history of English binomials still remains to be written, and we have only sketched some aspects that can certainly be dealt with in greater detail.