We review the socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual fund performance literature to provide best practices in SRI performance attribution analysis. Based on meta-ethnography and content analysis, five themes in this literature require specific attention: data quality, social responsibility verification, survivorship bias, benchmarking, and sensitivity and robustness checks. For each of these themes, we develop best practices. Specifically, for sound SRI fund performance analysis, it is important that research pays attention to dividend yields and fees, incorporates independent and third party social responsibility verification, corrects for survivorship bias and tests multiple benchmarks, as well as analyzing the impact of fund composition, management influences and SRI strategies through sensitivity and robustness analysis. These best practices aim to enhance the robustness of SRI financial performance analysis. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.mutual funds , socially responsible investing , performance evaluation , best practices ,
This paper provides new empirical evidence on the effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the shape of the firm size distribution, by using data of the population of manufacturing firms in the Netherlands. Our analysis shows that M&As do not affect the size distribution when we consider the entire population of firms. When we focus on the firms involved in an M&A event, we observe a shift of the firm size distribution towards larger sizes. Firm size distribution becomes more concentrated around the mean, less skewed to the right hand side, and thinner at the tails as a whole. The shift toward higher sizes due to M&A is not uniform but affects firms of different sizes in different ways. While the number of firms in the lower tail decreased, the number of firms in the central size classes increased substantially and outweighed the increase in the number (and mean size) of firms in the upper tail of the distribution (consequently the overall market concentration measured by the Herfindahl index declines). M&As lead to a departure from log-normality of the firm size distribution, suggesting that external growth does not follow Gibrat's law. Our counterfactual analysis highlights that only internal growth does not affect the shape of the size distribution of firms. On the contrary, it
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