The harmonic balanced finite element method offers a valuable alternative to the transient finite element method for the quasi‐static simulation of electromagnetic devices operating at steady‐state. The specially designed iterative solver, the adaptive relaxation of the non‐linear loop and the embedding of the harmonic balanced finite element method within a state‐of‐the‐art finite element package, leads to a solver in the frequency domain that is competitive to time stepping. The benefits of this approach are illustrated by its application to an inductor with a ferromagnetic core.

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The nonlinear and anisotropic behavior of grain-oriented ferromagnetic materials enters numerical field computations via the reluctivity tensor. In this paper, an improved reluctivity tensor model is discussed. It is pointed out in which way this model is integrated in a Newton iterative solver. However, to retain the attractive properties of the conjugate gradient algorithm, it is required to modify the definition of the Jacobian matrix. Several simulations of a three-phase transformer are performed and compared, in order to demonstrate the properties of the reluctivity model and the proposed Newton solver.

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