Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the variations, if any, in the types of intestinal parasites in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals.Methods: Study group 75 HIV positive cases, Control group HIV non reactive 51, total 125 faecal sample examined For HIV conformation screening test like TRI DOT, ELISA , for conformation HIV by using PCR, for stool examination used by following test like microscopic examination, formal ether concentration technique, saline wet mount,iodine wet mount, formal ethe sedimentation , modified acid fast stain.Results: For the purpose of statistical analysis, the enteric parasites are divided into the coccidian group (Cryptosporidium+Isospora belli) and conventional enteric parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and Ascaris lumbricoides), and enteric parasitic infection is more common in HIV-positive patients with diarrhea than HIV-positive patient without diarrhea or HIV-negative individuals. Conclusion:The study period of 1 year and 8 months revealed that it is difficult to locate/identify a HIV-positive person in a place like Kadapa on account of confidentiality/lack of awareness among the population. Detection of intestinal parasites is 17.3% in HIV-positive patients and 12% in HIV-negative individuals.

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Candida species are emerged as successful pathogens in both invasive and mucosal infections. Various virulence factors have contributed to their pathogenicity. The purpose of this prospective study was to isolate, speciate, and determine virulence factors of Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens. Total of 136Candida were isolated from various clinical specimens, identified up to species level by standard mycological techniques.All isolates were tested in vitro for biofilm formation (BF), proteinase (SAPs), phospholipase (PL), and haemolysin (HF) activity. One thirty six Candida, were isolated from different clinical samples. 71(52%) were C.albicans and 65(47%) non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. Biofilm formation was detected in 86(63%), proteinases activity (SAPs) in 90(66.2%), phospholipases (PL) activity in, 94((69.11%)and haemolysins (HF) activity was demonstrated in 123(90%). From the present study it can be established, that both C.albicans and NAC species are causing candidiasis and form biofilm, produce extracellular phospholipases, proteinases and haemolysins.