Suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents is prevalent but less than that previously reported in Western peers. While females are more likely to attempt suicide, males are more likely to use lethal methods. Multiple child and family factors are associated with suicidal behaviour. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and intervention of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents.

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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide for its low cost and high efficiency. However, it is rarely applied directly in rice field due to its toxicity to rice. Therefore, glyphosate-tolerant rice can greatly decrease the cost of rice production and provide a more effective weed management strategy. Although, several approaches to develop transgenic rice with glyphosate tolerance have been reported, the agronomic performances of these plants have not been well evaluated, and the feasibility of commercial production has not been confirmed yet. Here, a novel glyphosate-tolerant gene cloned from the bacterium Isoptericola variabilis was identified, codon optimized (designated as I. variabilis-EPSPS*), and transferred into Zhonghua11, a widely used japonica rice cultivar. After systematic analysis of the transgene integration via PCR, Southern blot and flanking sequence isolation, three transgenic lines with only one intact I. variabilis-EPSPS* expression cassette integrated into intergenic regions were identified. Seed test results showed that the glyphosate tolerance of the transgenic rice was about 240 times that of wild type on plant medium. The glyphosate tolerance of transgenic rice lines was further evaluated based on comprehensive agronomic performances in the field with T3 and T5generations in a 2-year assay, which showed that they were rarely affected by glyphosate even when the dosage was 8400 g ha−1. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the development of glyphosate-tolerant rice lines based on a comprehensive analysis of agronomic performances in the field. Taken together, the results suggest that the selected glyphosate-tolerant rice lines are highly tolerant to glyphosate and have the possibility of commercial release. I. variabilis-EPSPS* also can be a promising candidate gene in other species for developing glyphosate-tolerant crops.

Abstract:We presented an efficient 35.1 W all-solid-state 355 nm ultraviolet laser. The external cavity nonlinear frequency conversion was used while a 100-W level AO Q-switched Nd:YVO 4 MOPA laser was used as the infrared source. Type I noncritical phase-matching LBO and type II phase-matching LBO were used for frequency doubling and sum-frequency mixing respectively. About 100 W TEM 00 mode 1064 nm laser was obtained from the MOPA laser when the pulse repetition rate increased from 65 kHz to 100 kHz. The highest 35.1 W average power of 355 nm ultraviolet laser was obtained from the nonlinear frequency conversion at 70 kHz with the pulse duration of 15.7 ns and optical conversion efficiency of 35.8% (infrared to ultraviolet), corresponding to the pulse peak power and pulse energy of 32 kW and 0.5 mJ respectively. The average power of ultraviolet laser varied from 28.5 W to 34.9 W when the pulse repetition rate decreased from 100 kHz to 65 kHz. The detailed output performance varying with pulse repetition rate, and the power stability of the ultraviolet laser, were also investigated. The average output power for the IR ( ), green ( ), and UV ( ) laser varying with the PRF

Soil gross nitrogen (N) transformations are crucial for assessing forest N status. Although there is evidence suggesting that the N cycle is open in the karst forest, southwest China, process‐based investigation of gross soil N transformations is limited. In the current study, gross soil N transformations were investigated using 15N isotope dilution and 15N tracer techniques in a typical karst forest with calcareous soil (Calcareous lithosols) in comparison with an adjacent nonkarst forest with red soil (Haplic acrisol).The gross rates of N mineralization, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and nitrate immobilization were significantly greater in the karst forest. Ammonium immobilization was comparable to gross N mineralization, so that ammonium could be efficiently conserved in the nonkarst forest. Meanwhile, the produced nitrate was mostly retained via DNRA and nitrate immobilization. This resulted in a negligible net nitrate production in the nonkarst forest. In contrast, ammonium immobilization rate only accounted for half of gross N mineralization rate in the karst forest. The nitrate retention capacity is relatively low, with 41.6 ± 4.2% of the produced nitrate being retained via DNRA and nitrate immobilization. Due to relatively low nitrate retention capacity, nitrate was accumulated in the karst forest soil. Our results indicate that the nonkarst forest with red soil holds a very conservative N cycle, but the N cycle in the karst forest is leaky.