Understanding the dynamics of double‐thickening and uplifting of the Tibetan crust requires constraints on the magnitude and timing of crustal shortening. New elongation/inclination (E/I)‐corrected paleomagnetic data from ~26–22 Ma sediments indicate that the latitude of southern Tibet in the early Miocene was 31.1/−6.8/+5.2°N, not significantly different from today. This implies that the southern margin of Asia, which was at 21–24°N latitude from the Late Cretaceous to the early Eocene, advanced 8–10° northward between the early Eocene and the latest Oligocene. Our results therefore suggest that at least 900–1100 km of continental shortening and significant regional uplift of the plateau occurred between the early Eocene and late Oligocene. Our results suggest that N‐S intra‐Asian convergence was considerably reduced around 26 Ma, corresponding to a transition from compression to extension within the Tibetan Plateau.

Understanding the magnitude of intra‐Asian crustal shortening and the collision age of Lhasa–Qiangtang terranes requires quantitative constraints on the crustal motion. The key to this is defining the palaeogeography of the Tibetan Plateau, which constitutes a poorly known factor over the entire convergence history. New detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological and palaeomagnetic data from the terrestrial Abushan Formation in the Qiangtang terrane demonstrate that central Tibet was located at 27.5 ± 3.0°N during the time interval of ~111–83 Ma. Our results suggest 7.5 ± 2.9° continental shortening has occurred between central Qiangtang and Mongolia during the India–Asia convergence. Declination anomaly indicates the central Qiangtang terrane has experienced significant clockwise rotation (57.3 ± 3.9°) relative to stable Eurasia. The compilation of palaeomagnetic results since the Cretaceous reveals ~8.5° northward drift of the Lhasa terrane from 123 ± 9 to 97 ± 7 Ma and the palaeolatitudinal overlap between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes after ~111–103 Ma. Together with the onset age of the terrestrial Abushan Formation, our results provide the youngest timing (ca. ~111–103 Ma) for the closure of the Bangong Meso‐Tethys Ocean, as well as for the final collision of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes.

Seismic and drilling well data were used to examine the occurrence of multiple stratigraphic unconformities in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The Early Cambrian, the Late Ordovician and the late Middle Devonian unconformities constitute three important tectonic sequence boundaries within the Palaeozoic succession. In the Tazhong, Tabei, Tadong uplifts and the southwestern Tarim palaeo-uplift, unconformities obviously belong to superimposed unconformities. A superimposed unconformity is formed by superimposition of unconformities of multiple periods. Areas where superimposed unconformities develop are shown as composite belts of multiple tectonic unconformities, and as higher uplift areas of palaeo-uplifts in palaeogeomorphologic units. The contact relationship of unconformities in the lower uplift areas is indicative of truncation-overlap. A slope belt is located below the uplift areas, and the main and secondary unconformities are characterized by local onlap reflection on seismic profiles. The regional dynamics controlled the palaeotectonic setting of the Palaeozoic rocks in the Tarim Basin and the origin and evolution of the basin constrained deposition. From the Sinian to the Cambrian, the Tarim landmass and its surrounding areas belonged to an extensional tectonic setting. Since the Late Ordovician, the neighbouring north Kunlun Ocean and Altyn Ocean was transformed from a spreading ocean basin to a closed compressional setting. The maximum compression was attained in the Late Ordovician. The formation of a tectonic palaeogeomorphologic evolution succession from a cratonic margin aulacogen depression to a peripheral foreland basin in the Early Caledonian cycle controlled the deposition of platform, platform margin, and deep-water basin. Tectonic uplift during the Late Ordovician resulted in a shallower basin which was followed by substantial erosion. Subsequently, a cratonic depression and peripheral or back-arc foreland basin began their development in the Silurian to Early-Middle Devonian interval. In this period, the Tabei Uplift, the Northern Depression and the southern Tarim palaeo-uplift showed obvious control on depositional systems, including onshore slope, shelf and deep-water basin. The southern Tarim Plate was in a continuous continental compressional setting after collision, whereas the southern Tianshan Ocean began to close in the Early Ordovician and was completely closed by the Middle Devonian. At the same time, further compression from peripheral tectonic units in the eastern and southern parts of the Tarim Basin led to the expansion of palaeo-uplift in the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous interval, and the connection of the Tabei Uplift and Tadong Uplift, thus controlling onshore, fluvial delta, clastic coast, lagoon-bay and shallow marine deposition.

In this paper, three kinds of knitted heating fabrics (KHFs) were designed and fabricated by using silver plating compound yarns (SPCYs) and polyester staple fiber spun yarns (PSFSYs), and thermo-electric properties of KHFs and SPCYs were investigated by performing a series of experiments. Experimental results showed, with increasing ageing time and ageing temperature, the breaking strength of PSFSYs and SPCYs had nearly not changed, but resistances of SPCYs increased markedly. After performing 264 hours ageing at 120 C environment temperature, resistances of SPCYs exceeded the measuring range of the multi-meter. By taking and analyzing infrared temperature images of KHFs and SPCYs, strong linear correlation can be observed between surface maximum equilibrium temperature (SMET) of KHFs and SPCYs and power consumption density. Furthermore, strong linear positive correlation is between power consumption density of KHFs and inner equilibrium temperature of mimetic clothing. KHFs will have wide application prospect in active warming field because of a lot of advantages, such as an even surface temperature field in the heating process, structure simplicity, flexibility, etc.Keywords active warming, silver plating compound yarn, thermal performance, knitted heating fabric, infrared temperature image With the technological progress and innovation in materials and electronics fields, smart garments will become lighter and have more functions. Smart garments can acquire important information from the environment and human body and respond quickly to protect the human body against hot, cold and other injuries. 1-3 Axisa et al. 4 reviewed some smart systems with noninvasive sensors which may be smart, flexible, wearable, and inconspicuous: these systems can construct communication between patient and specialist to provide the best health services. Personal heating garments are another type of smart garment: Wang et al. 5 reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of personal heating garments, and pointed out that the uncontrolled temperature is the vital disadvantage for chemical heating garments; however, electrical heating garments (EHGs) with precise temperature-controlled units and flexible heating elements are expected to have a promising future. Many researchers have focused on heating fabrics and EHGs, and they not only developed all kinds of heating fabrics and EHGs, but also investigated their thermo-mechanical properties and thermal comfort. Hewitt 6 fabricated a flexible electric heating pad by using resistance wire and a flexible fabric support as early as 1929. Cottet et al. 7 presented the extensive characterization of textile transmission lines for use in wearable computing applications, and constructed a model of conductive textiles, and concluded that textile transmission lines can be used for frequencies up to