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Alumina red mud from aluminum industry has not been utilized effectively due to its strong alkaline, and SO2 is an industrial pollutant which mainly produced by thermal power plants. For the comprehensive utilization of waste, the mineral component, chemical composition, grain size and microstructure of alumina red mud from Henan Branch of China Aluminum Co. were determined in this research. Thermodynamics analysis of FGD related desulfurization mechanism was studied as well. The self-designed glass absorption device 1700×60mm with its accessories was installed on-the-spot of Zhengzhou Xinli Electric Power Company Limited. The cyclic absorption experiments were conducted and the influential factors such as liquid-solid ratio (RL/S), empty tower gas velocity (V(SO2)), SO2 concentration (c(SO2)), and liquid-gas ratio (RL/G) were examined through the orthogonal tests. The maximum efficiency of FGD is 97.5% under the optimal conditions: RL/S is 7:1 (g/g), V(SO2)is 0.35m/s, c(SO2) is 1700mg/m3 and RL/G is 12:1 (L/m3).