Chemically and hydrolytically stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential for many water-adsorption-related applications. However, MOFs with large pores that show high water-uptake capacity and high hydrolytic and mechanical cycle stability are rare. Through a deliberate adjustment of the linker of a typical zirconium-based MOF (Zr-MOF) (NU-1000), a new isomer of NU-1000 with blocked c-pores, but large mesopores was successfully synthesized. This new isomer, ISO-NU-1000, exhibits excellent water stability, one of the highest water vapor uptake capacities, and excellent cycle stability, making it a promising candidate for water-vapor-sorption-based applications such as water-adsorption-driven heat transfer. We find that the high water-cycling stability of ISO-NU-1000 is traceable to its blocking c-pore that hinders the hydrolysis of node-coordinating formate in the c-pore area and thereby prevents the introduction of node aqua and terminal hydroxo ligands. With the absence of these ligands and their ability to hydrogen-bond to channel-located water molecules, the strength of guest (water)/host (MOF) interactions is diminished and the absolute magnitude of the capillary force exerted by water during its evacuation from MOF channels is attenuated. The attenuation leaves the MOF capable of resisting pore collapse, capacity loss, and crystallinity loss during repetitive evaporative removal (and re-introduction) of water from pores.

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Polymer microspheres equipped with a porous skeleton network to build fluid channels for efficient water treatment.