To achieve superior therapeutic efficacy, the combination chemotherapy using two or more anticancer drugs in clinical practice has been generally accepted as a feasible strategy. On account of the concept of combination chemotherapy, co-delivery of anticancer drugs with nanotechnology gradually becomes a desired strategy and one of the research frontiers on modern drug delivery. In recent years, nano drug co-delivery system (NDCDS), which loads at least two anticancer drugs with different physicochemical and pharmacological properties into a combination delivery system, has achieved rapid development. NDCDS synergistically inhibited the growth of the tumor compared with the free drugs. In this review, we highlighted the current state of co-delivery nanoparticles and the most commonly used nanomaterial, discussed challenges and strategies, and prospect future development. ARTICLE HISTORY

In this work, we have successfully triggered the aqueous auto‐redox reactions between reductive Ce(OH)3 and oxidative MnO4−/Pd2+ ions to form PdO/Mn3O4/CeO2 (PMC) nanocomposites. PMC could spontaneously self‐assemble into compact encapsulation on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to form the final one dimensional HNTs supported PMCs (HPMC). It is identified that there exists strong synergistic effects among the components of PdO, Mn3O4, and CeO2, and hence HPMC could show excellent performance on photoassisted thermal catalytic CH4 combustion that its light‐off temperature was sharply reduced to be 180 °C under visible light irradiation. Based on detailed studies, it is found that the catalytic reaction process well follows the classic MVK mechanism, and adsorption/activation of O2 into active oxygen species (O*) should be the rate‐determining step for CH4 conversion.

To increase the efficacy of small molecule chemotherapeutic drug (SMCD) and reduce its toxic and side effects, we selected two model drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and chloroquine (CQ). DOX is a SMCD and CQis a chemosensitizer with autophagy inhibition. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate were chosen as delivery carriers to design and prepare a novel type of drug co-delivery single-nanoparticles by emulsification-solvent volatilisation, named NP DOX+CQ . The physicochemical properties of NP DOX+CQ were characterised. Then A549 cells and A549/Taxol cells were used for the in vitro anti-cancer effect study. At the same time, cellular uptake, intracellular migration and anti-cancer mechanism of nanoparticles were studied. The NPs showed a uniform spherical shape with good dispersibility, and both drugs had good encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity. In all formulations, NP DOX+CQ showed the highest in vitro cytotoxicity. The results showed that NPs could protect drugs from being recognised and excluded by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Moreover, the results of the mechanistic study demonstrated that NPs were transported by autophagy process after being taken up by the cells. Therefore, during the migration of NP DOX+CQ , CQ could exert its efficacy and block autophagy so that DOX would not be hit by autophagy. Western Blot results showed that NP DOX+CQ had the best inhibition effect of autophagy. It can be concluded that the system can prevent the drug from being recognised and excluded by P-gp, and CQ blocks the process of autophagy so that the DOX is protected and more distributed to the nucleus of multidrug resistance (MDR) cell. The NP DOX+CQ constructed in this study provides a feasible strategy for reversing MDR in tumour cells.

Base-pairing is stable under physiological temperature but broken by heating, which is the basic mechanism for nucleic acid amplification in biology. In this manuscript, a simple controlled-drug-release system was prepared on the basis of this rule and its in vivo activity was studied. Poly adenine (poly A), the tail of the synthesized RNA chain, was exploited as gatekeeper of thymine (T)-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-T) based on the simple A-T base-pairing rules. The gate keeper maintains stability to avoid drug (chemotherapy and photothermal therapy drugs) release during the delivery process but is effectively removed by a photothermal effect to trigger drug release at the tumor tissue by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the prepared nanomedicine could effectively suppress tumor growth and activate antitumor immunity.

With the increasing demand on wearable electronic devices, flexible metal−air batteries, including Zn−air, Li−air, Mg−air, and Al−air batteries, have received more and more attention in recent years. Among them, the Li−Air battery has become more promising as a result of its ultrahigh theoretical energy densities of about 3500 Wh kg −1 . Numerous efforts have been devoted to structure design and study on mechanisms for a flexible Li−air battery (FLAB); however, there still remain numerous problems that hinder its commercial application, including unstable electrode reactions, excessive cost, deficiency flexibility for particular use, etc. Herein, we present a brief introduction on the evaluation of FLAB and then introduce the structure design of different types of FLAB. Finally, we summarize the bottleneck problems of FLAB and outlook the prospect of the research and development of FLAB in the future.