The mechanism of solute transport around the wellbore was found to play an important role in the single-well push-pull (SWPP) test, but it was grossly overlooked in previous studies. For instance, the mixing effect of injected tracer with water in the wellbore was ignored in analyzing both injection and extraction phases of SWPP. In this study, new models were developed by including such a mixing effect in the wellbore. Two types of boundary conditions at the wellbore were considered: the resident concentration continuity and the flux concentration continuity. To test the assumptions used in the mathematical model, the stochastic modeling, the numerical simulation, and the laboratory-controlled experiment were executed. Results showed that the SWPP test was sensitive to the mixing effect in both injection and extraction phases. A larger wellbore volume could result in a smaller concentration at the late stage of the extraction phase. Flux concentration continuity was more reasonable in describing solute transport at the wellbore-aquifer interface than resident concentration continuity, and the difference between them decreased with decreasing radial dispersivity. The MODFLOW/MT3DMS package contained an invalid assumption on the mixing effect for the SWPP test. Stochastic modeling demonstrated that the homogeneous assumption was a good approximation for the reality when the variance of natural logarithm of the autocorrelated hydraulic conductivity field was less than 0.25 (σ 2 lnK ≤0:25). The laboratory-controlled experiment showed that the radial advection-dispersion equation model of this study worked well for the well-sorted sand aquifer.All of these analytical models mentioned above assume that the solute concentration in the wellbore is constant during the entire injection phase and is equal to the concentration of the prepared tracer solution.WANG ET AL.10,155

Aberrant lipid metabolism is nonnegligible for tumor cells to adapt to the tumor microenvironment (TME). It plays a significant role in the amount and function of immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells and marrow-derived suppressor cells. It is well-known that the immune response in TME is suppressed and lipid metabolism is closely involved in this process. Immunotherapy, containing anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy and adoptive T cell therapy, is a crucial clinical cancer therapeutic strategy nowadays, but they display a low-sensibility in certain cancers. In this review, we mainly discussed the importance of lipid metabolism in the formation of immunosuppressive TME, and explored the effectiveness and sensitivity of immunotherapy treatment by regulating the lipid metabolism.

No abstract

Neutral red was directly electropolymerized onto the carbon nanotubes modified electrode. A polymerized neutral red/carbon nanotubes composite film was characterized by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Well‐defined voltammetric responses are observed for [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− on the composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. And it's found that this modified electrode has good catalysis on the redox of rutin. Differential pulse voltammetry method was used to determinate the concentration of rutin and obtain a linear equation between the current and concentration in a certain range. The modified electrode is satisfied with us for its good sensibility and stability.

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy to replace lost neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the low survival rate and neuronal differentiation efficiency of implanted NSCs within the lesion cavity limit the application. Furthermore, it is difficult for transplanted cells to form connections with host cells. Thus, effective and feasible methods to enhance the efficacy of cell transplantation are needed. In this study, the effect of Laponite nanoplatelets, a type of silicate nanoplatelets, on stem cell therapy is explored. Laponite nanoplatelets can induce the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro within five days, and RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis demonstrated that the NF‐κB pathway is involved in this process. Moreover, histological results revealed that Laponite nanoplatelets can increase the survival rate of transplanted NSCs and promote NSCs to differentiate into mature neurons. Finally, the formation of connections between transplanted cells and host cells is confirmed by axon tracing. Hence, Laponite nanoplatelets, which drove neuronal differentiation and the maturation of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo, can be considered a convenient and practical biomaterial to promote repair of the injured spinal cord by enhancing the efficacy of NSC transplantation.