No abstract

The field of nanozymes has developed rapidly over the past decade. Among various oxidoreductases mimics, catalase (CAT)‐like nanozyme, acting as an essential part of the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has attracted extensive research interest in recent years. However, CAT‐like nanozymes are not as well discussed as other nanozymes such as peroxidase (POD)‐like nanozymes, etc. Compared with natural catalase or artificial CAT enzymes, CAT‐like nanozymes have unique properties of low cost, size‐dependent properties, high catalytic activity and stability, and easy surface modification, etc., which make them widely used in various fields, especially in tumor therapy and disease treatment. Consequently, there is a great requirement to make a systematic discussion on CAT‐like nanozymes. In this review, some key aspects of CAT‐like nanozymes are deeply summarized as: 1) Typical CAT‐like nanozymes classified by different nanomaterials; 2) The catalytic mechanisms proposed by experimental and theoretical studies; 3) Extensive applications in regard to tumor therapy, cytoprotection and sensing. Therefore, it is prospected that this review will contribute to the further design of CAT‐like nanozymes and optimize their applications with much higher efficiency than before.

Nanomaterial-biology interaction is the critical step in the fate of biomedical nanomedicines, influencing the consequent biological outcomes. Herein, we present two-dimensional carbonbased nanomaterials−graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets that interact with an intracellular protein corona consisting of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), inducing the reeducation of immunosuppressive macrophages. The interaction at the GDYO−STAT3 interface, driven by structure matching, hydrogen bonding, and salt bridges, simultaneously triggers the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, facilitating cancer immunotherapy. For the first time, our data reveal an interaction mechanism between the nanoparticle−protein interfaces inevitably formed inside the cells that determines the macrophage phenotype. Our results suggest that GDYO nanosheets could be applied for local immunomodulation due to their function and structural organization of the intracellular protein corona occurred inside macrophages.