This study aimed to illustrate the association of four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes) with life expectancy (LE) of Chinese residents in 2019 and to provide an evidence base for the scientific prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in China. The abbreviated life and cause-eliminated life tables were compiled according to the Jiang Qing Lang method recommended by WHO (World Health Organization) to calculate LE and cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE) in 2019. The disease that had the greatest association with the LE of Chinese residents was cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the LE increasing by 8.13 years after removing CVD deaths. This was followed by cancer (2.68 years), respiratory diseases (0.88 years), and diabetes (0.24 years). The four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the main diseases affecting the health of Chinese residents. CVD should be prevented and treated as the key disease among the chronic diseases, while women and rural people should be the major focus of health knowledge promotion. All residents should be encouraged to develop a good understanding of self-protection and of how to achieve a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of death and to improve their quality of life and health in general.

Background The World Health Organization recommends that all adults with HIV adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Good adherence to ART is beneficial to patients and the public. Furthermore, mHealth has shown promise in improving HIV medication adherence globally. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis is to analyze the effectiveness of mHealth on adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients living with HIV. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the association between mHealth and adherence to ART published until December 2021 were searched in electronic databases. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated. This meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method or the inverse variance test. We evaluated heterogeneity with the I2 statistic. If I2 was ≤50%, heterogeneity was absent, and a fixed effect model was used. If I2 was >50%, heterogeneity was present, and a random effects model was used. Results A total of 2163 participants in 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All included studies were RCTs. The random effects model was used for a meta-analysis of the effects of various intervention measures compared to routine nursing; the outcome was not statistically significant (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.99-2.38; P=.05). In the subgroups, only short messaging service (SMS)-based interventions significantly increased adherence to ART (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-2.89; P=.03). Further analysis showed that only interactive or bidirectional SMS could significantly increase ART adherence (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.34; P=.001). After combining the difference in CD4 cell count before and after the interventions, we concluded that there was no statistical heterogeneity among the studies (I2=0%; tau2=0.37; P=.95). Conclusions Interactive or bidirectional SMS can enhance intervention effects. However, whether mHealth can improve adherence to ART in patients with HIV needs further study. Owing to a lack of the required significant staff time, training, and ongoing supervision, there is still much more to do to apply mHealth to the clinical use of ART for patients living with HIV. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022358774; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=358774

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Objective: To describe the spatiotemporal characteristics and trend of incidence and mortality of hepatitis B in China from 2004 to 2021 and to identify its possible hotspots and potential high-risk areas for the disease. Methods: Time trends in hepatitis B incidence and mortality were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated stratified by age. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of GeoDa and the space-time scanning analysis of SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes and regional differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of hepatitis B humans in China during the study period. Results: From 2004 to 2021, the number of hepatitis B cases in China increased from 916,396 in 2004 to 976,233 in 2021 (AAPC=0.31%, P=0.665), and the number of deaths decreased from 783 in 2004 to 413 in 2021 (AAPC=-3.23%, P =0.076). There was an increasing trend of standardized incidence of hepatitis B in the age group over 30 years. The High-High cluster areas of incidence rate of hepatitis B in China from 2004 to 2012 were mainly concentrated in the northwest,and in the southeast from 2017 to 2021 were concentrated, while the High-Low cluster areas of mortality rate of hepatitis B were mainly concentrated in Beijing and Shanghai from 2004 to 2019.The results of space–time cluster analysis for incidence rate of hepatitis B in China from 2004 to 2018 included one primary clustering area and two secondary clustering areas. The primary clustering area was located in the west of China, including Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Gansu, and the high-risk time frame was from January 2006 to December 2012 (RR = 2.78, LLR = 300786.49, P  < 0.001). The results of space–time cluster analysis for mortality rate of hepatitis B in China from 2004 to 2018 included one primary clustering area and two secondary clustering areas. The primary clustering area was located in Beijing of China, and the high-risk time frame was from January 2007 to December 2013 (RR = 12.14, LLR = 1120.197907, P  < 0.001). Conclusion: The overall trend incidence and mortality of hepatitis B in China has decreased over the 18-year period, but the number of hepatitis B incidences is on the rise. The spatial distribution of hepatitis B incidence rate in each region of the country had spatial positive correlation.Hepatitis B incidence and mortality rates vary widely in China with different epidemiologic trends affecting different locations and revealing different spatial changing patterns.