Heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from the potential precursors and prepared by a facile, effective, and low-pollution strategy have recently been particularly concerned in different research fields. In this study, the interconnected nitrogen/sulfur-codoped hierarchically porous carbon materials have been successfully obtained via one-step carbonization of the self-assembly of [Phne][HSO] (a protic ionic liquid originated from dilute sulfuric acid and phenothiazine by a straightforward acid-base neutralization) and the double soft-template of OP-10 and F-127. During carbonization process, OP-10 as macroporous template and F-127 as mesoporous template were removed, while [Phne][HSO] not only could be used as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur source, but also as a pore forming agent to create micropores. The acquired carbon materials for supercapacitor not only hold a large specific capacitance of 302 F g even at 1.0 A g, but also fine rate property with 169 F g at 10 A g and excellent capacitance retention of nearly 100% over 5000 circulations in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, carbon materials also present eximious rate performance with 70% in 1 M NaSO electrolyte.

A N/P codoped porous carbon/one-dimensional (1D) hollow tubular carbon heterojunction was successfully fabricated from waste biomass. 1D carbon microtube (CMT) originating from the inherent biological structure of enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was used for constructing the heterojunction with uniform heteroatom distribution and good conductivity by pyrolyzing the chitosan dihydrogen phosphate protic salt (CDPPS)-coated CMT, in which CMT was used as conductive substrate and CDPPS as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus sources, and "soft" activating agent. The optimized heterojunction (NPEPC-6-900) possesses a large specific surface area (1220 m 2 g −1 ) and high content of heteroatom functionalities (4.50 at. % N and 2.36 at. % P). A similar effect also occurs on cotton with analogous 1D hollow tubular architecture structure, and the sample presents a specific surface area (766 m 2 g −1 ) and chemical composition (3.75 at. % N and 1.34 at. % P). Benefiting from the distinctive structural feature and desirable heteroatom doping, the NPEPC-6-900-based electrode indicates high capacitance of 324 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , and still maintains the capacitance of 231 F g −1 even at 20 A g −1 (ca. 71.3% capacitance retention). Moreover, it also possesses good cycling stability with only a loss of 2% after 5000 cycles.

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The application of fluorescent probes is limited due to the small Stokes shifts and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect when accumulated in cells. Herein, a novel colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe based on salicylaldehyde azine with both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) properties for Cys/Hcy is proposed to solve these issues. This probe showed a large Stokes shift (148 nm), low cytotoxicity as well as outstanding photostability upon recognition and the response mechanism was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromotography (TLC), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition to being used for cell imaging, a simple and user-friendly portable kit based on this probe was proposed as a new tool for the on-site inspection of more than ten microsamples simultaneously, which could effectively prevent the occurrence of false positives and visual errors.