As a novel energy harvesting method, generating electricity from the interaction of liquid−solid interface has attracted growing interest. Although several functional materials have been carried out to improve the performance of the flowinduced hydrovoltaic generators, there are few reports on influencing the droplet flow behavior to excavate its electricity generation by governing the device structure. Here, the output performance of the graphene microfluidic channel (GMC) structure is ∼13 times higher than that of the flat-open space graphene morphology. The strong slip flow and high surface charge density near the graphene−droplet interface originate from the GMC structure, which produces an effective liquid−solid interaction and rapid relative movement of the droplet. Additionally, based on the GMC structure a self-powered pressure sensor is designed. The droplet motion is regulated by external forces to generate specific voltages, which provide a new approach for the development of wearable self-powered electronics.

The energy conversion process caused by relative motion of droplets and nanofilms has aroused widespread attention. However, the mechanism is still unclear, especially regarding the modification of the nanomaterial itself. In this study, we found that by annealing TiO 2 in a H 2 atmosphere at different temperatures, the Magneĺi phase titanium suboxide can be prepared with a lot of oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancies not only form negative charge centers inside the film, which enhance the attraction of Na + , but also increase the carrier concentration. By increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration, the measured V OC value was increased by ∼5 times and I SC by ∼30 times. Furthermore, a universal film preparation process was developed for the large-scale production of flexible energy conversion units based on the simple sol−gel method. Experimental results show that the prepared energy conversion unit has excellent performance of collecting rainwater energy and show a stable and continuous V OC output of ∼600 mV, combined with the surface hydrophobic treatment technology.

The treatment of high salt organic sewage is considered to be a high energy consumption process, and it is difficult to degrade organic matter and separate salt and water simultaneously. In this study, a gradient structure titanium oxide nanowire film is developed, which can realize the thorough treatment of sewage under sunlight. Among the film, part TiO2–x has enhanced photocatalytic properties and can completely degrade 0.02 g·L–1 methylene blue in 90 min under 2 sun. Part Ti n O2n–1 has excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and can achieve 1.833 kg·m–2·h–1 water evaporation rate at 1 sun. Through the special structure design, salt positioning crystallization can be realized to ensure the film’s stable operation for a long time. The gradient hydrophilicity of the film ensures adequate and rapid water transfer, while the water flow can induce a significant hydrovoltaic effect. The measured V OC is positively correlated with light intensity and photothermal area and corresponds to the water evaporation rate.