The role of early childhood education and care (ECEC) is to support the learning and development of all children in collaboration with families. The notion of inclusion in ECEC is important for providing children with a sense of agency in becoming a learner able to participate fully and actively in their community. This paper illustrates how ECEC assessment approaches risk labelling young children in 'deficit' terms. Specifically, through a case study the paper through a case study critically reflects on the implementation of a new assessment tool in kindergartens in the south-eastern region of Melbourne, Australia (low-middle income). Interviews were conducted with managers about the new tool, and documents (checklists and observations) were collected from the teachers. Findings show that the children were positioned as vulnerable with the introduction of the new assessment tool, leading to a diagnosis of 'at risk' for many children and a subsequent referral to education consultants, and medical and health professionals. We explore the tensions of labelling young children, 'at risk' against the notion of 'becoming' that frames the Early Years Learning Framework for Australia (Department of Education and Training 2019,) and professional understandings of 'inclusion'. The work of Nancy Fraser on 'social justice' augments the examination of this tension.
With the development of social media, increasingly more people express their feelings on social media (such as Twitter), which are a useful source of information e.g. for the airline companies which want to find out what causes negative sentiment about them and try to improve the communicated weaknesses. This paper aims to find out the variation in sentiment towards different airlines and check whether the Twitter perception of airlines reflects their "real" performances. The result suggests that Delta and Southwest airlines have a relatively good reputation, while US Airways has a bad reputation. By examining the reasons for negative sentiment, we find that Twitter ranking reflects the "real" ranking based on the Department of Transportation data closely for mishandled luggage and canceled flights, but considerably less closely for delayed flights. This demonstrates that Twitter can provide a good reflection of reality, but this is not always the case.
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