ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to summarize the effectiveness and safety of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) treatment via different radiofrequency approaches such as continuous radiofrequency (CRF), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), and combined CRF and pulsed radiofrequency (CCPRF) treatments, thus providing high-quality clinical evidence for TN treatment.MethodsA series of databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 1998 and April 2018. The modified Jadad scale was referred to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Data were extracted independently, and the outcome and safety of different routes, temperatures, and guidance used in CRF, PRF, and CCPRF were compared. Meta-analysis and publication bias were calculated using Review Manager software.ResultsIn total, 34 studies involving 3,558 participants were included. With regard to TN treatment, PRF had no difference in cured rate in comparison with CRF, while CRF was more effective than CCPRF (P<0.05). The comparison of complication rates showed that PRF and CCPRF were safer. For puncture guidance via CRF, three-dimensional-printed template was more accurate in success rate at first puncture than computed tomography guidance (P<0.05). For puncture route, foramen rotundum (FR) or pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) route had no significance in efficiency rate via CRF in comparison with foramen oval (FO) route, but PPF and FR routes were safer. For CRF treatment, low temperature (68°C–70°C) compared with high temperature (71°C–75°C) had no effect. Moreover, higher temperature (66°C–80°C) had a greater effect compared with lower temperature (55°C–65°C) on TN treatment (P<0.05), while the safety of which was decreasing.ConclusionCCPRF could achieve a greater effect and safety on TN treatment. FR and FO routes in TN puncture treatment via CRF are safer. Medium temperature range is better for CRF therapy, and higher temperature is recommended in PRF, especially for the elders. Further international multicenter trials are needed to confirm the evidence.
Abnormal angiogenesis and vascular permeability is important for the formation of nasal polyps (NPs). Increasing evidence has indicated that exosomes serve a vital role in modulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), an important type of proteinase that is overexpressed in various diseases, can influence angiogenesis and vascular permeability and has been observed in healthy nasal exosomes. To the best of our knowledge, the expression levels and the function of ADAM10 in NLF-derived exosomes from NPs has not been demonstrated previously. In order to determine the influence of exosomes derived from nasal lavage fluid (NLF) on angiogenesis and vascular permeability, 25 nasal polyp patients and 15 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the present study. NLF was collected from all of the subjects. Exosomes were isolated from NLF, visualized under transmission electron microscope and identified using western blot analysis. The effect of exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by tube formation and permeability assays in vitro. The expression of exosomal ADAM10 was also analyzed by western blotting. NLF-derived exosomes from NPs influenced proliferation, tube formation and the permeability of HUVECs. ADAM10 was highly expressed in NLF-derived exosomes from NPs when compared with healthy volunteers. Thus, NLF-derived exosomes from NPs promoted angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which may be associated with abundant ADAM10 in NP exosomes.
Epidermal growth factor‐like domain multiple 6 (EGFL6) is a secreted protein, regulates maintenance and metastasis of cancer cells. Nevertheless, how EGFL6 participates in the progression and tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. In our study, EGFL6 was detected highly expressed in 20 NPC tissues compared with normal tissues by IHC assay. Then, the level of EGFL6 in NPC serum and NPC cells was explored through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, the results consistent with IHC. More interestingly, EGFL6 accelerated the migration and growth of NPC in vitro assays. Considering the mechanism of migration, NPC cells were cultured with AKT activator, revealing EGFL6 facilitated the progression of NPC via AKT. Moreover, the same effect of EGFL6 in promoting NPC growth was proved in nude mice. Furthermore, heat‐shock zebrafish model was established with EGFL6 overexpression. Then, CNE2 cells were injected into the model and cells mass was observed, showing that EGFL6 enhanced the migration and metastasis of NPC. Currently, as the prognosis of NPC is severely affected by distant metastasis, it might be a new therapeutic target toward EGFL6. Taken together, our results suggested that EGFL6 acts as a potential positive regulator in the migration and proliferation of NPC.
Objectives: We aimed to construct an induction system for polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), as well as to investigate PGCC features and clinical significance.Methods: A laryngeal neoplasm-PGCC induction system was constructed using paclitaxel liposomes (PTX). We used western blots to compare expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins, stem cell interrelated proteins, and cyclin-associated proteins. We then measured PGCC count in tissue samples of patients with laryngeal neoplasms and analyzed its relationship with prognosis. Statistical significance was determined using t-tests.Results: PTX successfully induced PGCCs. Western blotting showed that CyclinB1, CDC25C, CDK1, E-cadherin, and EIF-4A expression decreased in PGCCs compared with normal cancer cells, whereas vimentin and CD133 expression increased. Number of PGCCs in laryngeal cancer tissues and overall survival time were inversely correlated (P < .05).Conclusions: PTX successfully induces PGCC formation in laryngeal carcinoma, which may be the cause of poor prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.
The aim of this study was to study the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and the cell cycle protein D1 (cyclin D1) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and its clinicopathological meaning. The expression of Ang-2 and cyclin D1 was analyzed in 116 cases of laryngeal SCC, five cases of atypical hyperplasia and five cases of vocal polyp tissues using the immunohistochemical streptavidin-perosidase (S-P) method. Ang-2 and cyclin D1 protein expression was not present in 5 cases of atypical hyperplasia or 5 cases of vocal cord polyps. However, the proportions of positive staining in well, moderately and poorly differentiated laryngeal SCC were 40, 66.7 and 100%, respectively, for Ang-2 and 50, 66.7, 100%, respectively, for cyclin D1, and were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of Ang-2 was positively correlated with cyclin D1 in the laryngeal SCC (r=0.5042; P<0.05). This showed that the tumor grading and cyclin D1 were independent factors affecting laryngeal SCC patient survival by the Cox regression model of risk factors proportion analysis. Ang-2 is synergistic with cyclin D1 in the development of laryngeal SCC. Ang-2 is associated with the metastasis of lymph nodes. Detection of both Ang-2 and cyclin D1 may possess clinical significance in evaluating the prognosis and guiding the clinical treatment of SCC.
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