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Summary This paper proposes an optimal control method of an unmanned aerial helicopter (UAH) with unknown disturbances. Solving the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation is considered as the common approach to design an optimal controller under a meaningful cost function when facing the nonlinear optimal control problem. However, the HJB equation is hard to solve even for a simple problem. The inverse optimal control method that avoids the difficulties of solving the HJB equation has been adopted. In this inverse optimal control approach, a stabilizing optimal control law and a particular cost function that are obtained by a control Lyapunov function are required. An integrator backstepping method is used in designing the optimal control law of the UAH. Furthermore, a disturbance‐observer–based control (DOBC) approach has been adopted in the optimal control law for dealing with the unknown disturbances of the UAH system. Simulation results have been given to certify the stability of the nonlinear UAH system and the validity of this developed control method.

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