This study examined the influence of intellectual capital on Malaysian financial firms from two perspectives, performance of intellectual capital and impact of intellectual capital on financial performance. The data used were collected from the audited annual reports of 21 financial firms listed in the finance sector of Bursa Malaysia. The sample period was from 2011 to 2015 and the number of observations for this analysis was 105. Intellectual capital was measured using the modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model and financial performance was proxied by the return on asset (ROA). The findings suggested a strong association between MVAIC and ROA. CEE, HCE and SCE made significant and positive contributions towards financial performance. As for RCE, the findings revealed a positive but insignificant relationship with ROA. On the performance of intellectual capital, the HCE contributed approximately 82% to MVAIC followed by SCE 16%, RCE 1% and CEE 1%. Thus, the value creation capability of Malaysian financial firms is directly attributable to the HCE of the firms. The main limitations of the study were no control for firm-specific variables such as firm-size, and that the level of risk, firms' complexity and structural capital were not segregated into its components namely innovation capital and process capital to identify which was more dominant in creating value. Financial firms may use the results to address the factors affecting intellectual capital performance in order to maximize value creation capability. Education institutions need to collaborate with the finance industry to increase the relevance of their educational mission and to stimulate new directions in the education industry.Contribution/ Originality: This study investigated intellectual capital in two dimensions namely intellectual capital performance and impact of intellectual capital on financial performance. The MVAIC model incorporates measurement of relational capital. The findings may allow financial firms to benchmark themselves based on the level of efficiency rankings, to establish priorities and develop strategic plans, thus inducing financial performance.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of intellectual capital on firm performance of technology firms listed on the main market of Bursa Malaysia. The study covers a period of seven years from 2013 to 2019 and usable data was drawn from 32 firms, providing 224 observations for the analysis. Intellectual capital is proxy by Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC), human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), relational capital efficiency (RCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE), while performance is proxy by return on asset (ROA). The empirical findings reveal a positive and significant association between MVAIC and ROA but a mixed relationships between the efficiency of MVAIC components and ROA. Two components, HCE and CEE, are positive and significantly associated with ROA. SCE is significant but negatively associated with ROA. While, RCE is insignificantly associated with ROA. There are some limitations associated with the study. The research outcome is specific to technology sector; therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to other industries. Further, the analysis uses MVAIC model and the model does not cover innovation capital and process capital, thus it may omit other aspects of intellectual capital. Some practical implications from the findings are to achieve higher future profitability, technology firms should not only manage physical capital effectively but also improve employee, internal processes and networking efficiently.

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of firm size on the relationship between intellectual capital, capital structure and financial performance of Malaysian construction firms. The empirical data were taken from 41 construction firms listed in the main board of Bursa Malaysia and observed over the five-year period of 2011 to 2015. This study is deemed necessary as the findings of prior studies on the relationship between intellectual capital, capital structure and financial performance, had documented mixed and inconclusive result, thus, the inclusion of firm size as a moderating variable may modify (strengthen or weaken) the above relationships. Intellectual capital, capital structure, financial performance and firm size are proxy by VAIC Model, total debt ratio, return on equity and log of total asset, respectively. The result shows a positive moderator effect of firm size on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance in construction. The findings suggests that firms' value creation capability increases with firms' size, thus larger firms' are in a better position to generate profit. The concentration on one industry and the relatively narrow five-year period for data collection are the main limitations of this study. The findings of the research will contribute towards the literature.

Value Added Intellectual Coefficient Calculator or VAIC calculator is a calculator to compute efficiency level of firms' resources.VAIC is based on the assumption that both, intellectual capital and physical capital, are a function of production and mathematically computed as VAIC = ICE + CEE. Intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) is the sum of human capital efficiency (HCE) and structural capital efficiency (SCE), which are proxies for intellectual capital and capital employed efficiency (CEE) represents physical capital. To use this calculator, two simple steps are taken; step 1 is the input level by keyingin operating profit (OP), employee costs (EC), depreciation (D), and amortisation (A) in order to generate value added (VA) via this equation: VA = OP + EC + D + A and total assets (CE), step 2 is the output level whereby the calculator will generate efficiency scores of HCE through HCE = VA/HC, SCE through SCE = VA -HC/VA, CEE through CEE = VA/CE and ultimately the calculator will compute the value of VAIC. This paper has two objectives, to illustrate the use of the calculator and to discuss the contribution of the calculator. The VAIC calculator is an innovated product as it is unique, simple to operate, user-friendly and the first of its kind. The VAIC calculator will assist and guide firms' managers and policy makers in the allocation of firms' resources.