a b s t r a c tThe chip pruning of five different vine-producing wines was physically characterized, and its energetic value was analyzed (calorific value and ashes content principally). The material with a better energy performance was established. TCO2 emissions of this wood biomass were compared with the pine pellet, which is the most currently used solid biofuel in this industry. In both cases, the material obtaining process was studied, along with the fuel production and transport required measured in TCO 2 emitted per tons.This process was done in order to replace the pellets used in the boilers of the vineyards for the chip pruning of the studied vines. The use of chips as solid biofuel inside the vineyard produces a lower TCO 2 emissions than the use of pellets (0.01 and 0.484 TCO 2 , respectively) because less energy is needed for its production and transportation. This resulted in a decrease in the carbon footprint of the analyzed vineyard. The cost of using this chip instead of the pellets inside the vineyard was also calculated, with an annual savings in vineyard fuel requirements of US$ 23,142 from not purchasing pellets while the annual savings of using ashes instead of industrial fertilizer (CaO) is US$ 450.

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La biomasa leñosa como recurso energético varía según tres factores: 1) especie, 2) condiciones ambientales que influyen en su producción y 3) dispersión en el territorio. La estimación de la aptitud de este recurso es crucial para el desarrollo sustentable del sector agroforestal y, en concreto, de la cadena de valor bosque-industria-consumo. Tomando en cuenta esta situación, el objetivo de este documento consistió en determinar la aptitud de tres tipos arbóreos como biocombustible sólido. Una especie forestal (Quercus ilex), un cultivo energético (Paulownia spp.) y tres especies frutales Citrus sinensis (naranjo), Olea europaea (olivo) y Prunus amygdalus (almendro). Para alcanzar este objetivo, la investigación se centró en la caracterización física, química y energética de la biomasa leñosa de estas especies. Con base en un muestreo representativo, los resultados obtenidos sirvieron para determinar de forma cualitativa las aptitudes y limitaciones de estas especies como biocombustible sólido.Los principales resultados demuestran que la biomasa de cada especie estudiada es apta para su uso energético como biocombustible sólido, con la excepción de la madera de naranjo que presenta algunas limitaciones para la fabricación de pellets.

No abstract

Bioethanol production has increased in demand as a replacement for conventional fuels. This work studies the use of apple pomace, which corresponds to 45% (w/w) of dehydrated apple production, as a reliable and inexpensive source for bioethanol production. Additionally, the vinasse obtained from the process as a byproduct is analyzed. Apple pomace has important properties for energy purposes, with high soluble sugar (6%–8%), organic compounds and low protein content. The carbohydrates were consumed in 99.3% in 144 h at a temperature of 30 °C and in a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YSC) concentration of 0.10 g/L. The bioethanol purity produced, 99.5% (v/v), was quantified by gas chromatography and calorific value (23.21 MJ/kg). This high purity, which fulfills the EN 15376, ASTM D 4806 Standard, allows its use as a fuel and oil additive. Moreover, it can be stated that vinasse obtained from alcohol distillation is a compound that has physicochemical values like other vinasses. Finally, Chile, as the most important exporting country of dehydrated apples in the world, has great potential to take advantage of the use of this raw material for bioethanol and vinasse production.