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An experiment was conducted for two seasons on a farm in the Mit Kenana village, Qalyobia, Egypt. The aim was to study the influence of a magnetised water technology on the fertilisers during irrigation (fertigation) and its impact on the water, soil as well as the yield and yield components for potatoes. The experiment included: Normal water (NM), magnetic water (MW), adding fertiliser before (FMW) and after magnetism (MWF). The results indicated that irrigation with magnetised water and then adding fertiliser (MWF) had a positive significant effect on the water and soil properties, the tuber engineering parameters improved and the potato productivity increased by 40.5% higher than the NM method.<br />The fertigation unit has to be installed after the magnetic device because the direct magnetisation of the water with the fertilisers contributes to the cracking and increases the solubility of the fertilisers that may lead to the possibility of leaching some of them away from the roots, which implies losing some of them and, therefore, decreasing the effectiveness of the fertilisers

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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of a low-pressure drip system (LPS) for three years of service, to calculate the consumptive working time and costs of maintenance and laterals retrieving before harvesting and to determine benefits and problems with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation provides the opportunity to save water and the potential to increase net income by applying water at the right quantity and at the right time. Small to medium fields would benefit from the LPS irrigation system which has the ability to distribute the amount of water applied. LPS is a well-researched system for drip irrigation, typically that available for furrow irrigated crops. There are significant agronomic advantages of using a low-pressure, low-flow drip system. These advantages translate into measured improved distribution uniformity when compared to flood irrigated crops and energy savings compared to flood and sprinkler irrigated crops. The old (reused) drip line leads to a decrease in distribution uniformity and an increase in costs, when the distribution uniformity decreased by 10.5 and 21.6% for reusing the laterals in the second and third year, respectively. Moreover, the cost of repairing laterals was more than 5 and 6.5 times higher for both the 2^nd and 3^rd season. Many disadvantages of drip lines retrieval can be observed, because labour and maintenance are more intensive; there is a risk of mechanical damage to laterals especially if they are reused; increased management skills and experience are needed; and increased retrieval costs arise season after season.

The fewer the water resources, the greater the demand and the more important water becomes. This applies in Egypt, where rainfall is rare and most of the country is desert, except for a narrow strip of cultivated land and urban areas along the Nile river course. Like other large rivers, the Nile Delta region is characterized by large tracts of rich fertile agricultural land, overpopulation and unique and delicate environmental conditions caused by mixing drainage and freshwater. Managing these unique natural resource areas has become increasing critical, given the threat to the ecological balance in these areas due to an increase in water exploitation to boost population and the development of resources. Accordingly, the performance of water-delivery systems, particularly irrigation systems, must be clearly defined and assessed under these current or expected stressed conditions. This paper highlights irrigation, drainage and water-management projects in Egypt and presents the positive and negative effects as well as the role of government and users in operating and maintaining the system. The objective is to identify significant research programs and projects carried out over the last three decades that have impacted on irrigated agricultural practices in Egypt. The study documents both successful and failed cases of direct and indirect research uptake. Specific recommendations for increasing the research uptake, improving the penetration of research results and taking corrective measures to strengthen and encourage research uptake to irrigation and drainage practices are highlighted.