Aims: To estimate the relative treatment effect between the fixed-ratio combinations iGlarLixi and IDegLira (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist with basal insulin) in people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials followed by an indirect treatment comparison was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of the available fixed-ratio combinations. Main outcomes were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change and target achievement [<6.5% and <7.0% (<48 and <53 mmol/mol)], fasting plasma glucose, self-monitored plasma glucose, body weight, and incidence and rate of hypoglycaemia. Results: From 4850 abstracts screened, 78 qualified for full-text article review and two randomized controlled trials were included. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two studies. The mean difference at 26 weeks between IDegLira and iGlarLixi was −0.36 (95% credible intervals −0.58, −0.14) % [−3.9 (−6.3, −1.5) mmol/mol] for HbA1c and −1.0 (−1.6, −0.4) mmol/L for fasting plasma glucose. No significant differences were found in HbA1c target attainment, preprandial or postprandial selfmonitored plasma glucose, or body weight change. Formal comparisons of hypoglycaemia were limited by differences in definitions between the studies: in non-sulphonylurea users, incidence was 28% for IDegLira ('confirmed' at ≤3.1 mmol/ L); for iGlarLixi, incidence was 9% ('documented symptomatic' at <3.0 mmol/L). Conclusions: Results of this indirect treatment comparison using two studies suggest iGlarLixi and IDegLira appear to offer similar benefits for HbA1c target achievement. However, the findings suggest differences in other glycaemia results and hypoglycaemia, which may reflect differences in study design and titration approaches. * At time study was conducted.

IMPORTANCE Amitriptyline is an established medication used off-label for the treatment of fibromyalgia, but pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran are the only pharmacological agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat fibromyalgia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the comparative effectiveness and acceptability associated with pharmacological treatment options for fibromyalgia.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY • MAY 2017 apy treatment. The treatment plan was carried out according to standard protocol. Radiation was administered in 6 fractions. Cone-Beam-CT was used to verify and correct patient positioning. Optune transducer arrays were only taken off for one fraction during radiation therapy. RESULTS: The combination therapy was feasible and safe. No adverse effects, others than expected could be observed. Besides artefacts in the CT for treatment planning due to the Transducer Arrays, we could proceed with the radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report the first case of radiotherapy with concomitant Optune treatment. Radiation with concomitant Optune seems to be feasible and safe. Together with the preclinical findings, our case implicates a new treatment scheme for the treatment of GBM. Clinical trials with larger patient numbers are needed to evaluate safety and efficacy developing the concomitant use of radiation and Optune as new treatment option and potentially improve the outcome of patients with GBM.

individuals, 18-63 years of age, with at least 18 months of continuous eligibility and a primary care or emergency department visit for LBP. Baseline covariates were captured in in the six-month period prior to their initial LBP diagnosis (index date) and opioid use was captured in the 12-month follow up period. Long-term opioid use was defined as at least 90 days of opioid use. PT and chiropractic were assessed in the 30-day period after index date. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to explore the influence of PT and chiropractic care adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidities. Results: 40,929 individuals met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Average age was 41 years, 64.5% were female and 79.9% had commercial health insurance coverage. PT and chiropractic care was used by 5.4% and 5.9% of the sample, respectively. Any opioid use after LBP diagnosis was observed in 54.3% of subjects, 4.4% used opioids long-term. PT was not associated with any opioid use (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.98-1.18) or long-term opioid use (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.97-1.45). Persons who received chiropractic care were less likely to be prescribed an opioid (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.97) or to use opioids long-term (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 040-0.77). Conclusions: Utilization of PT or chiropractic care in early management of back pain was low. Chiropractic care but not PT was associated with a lower likelihood of opioid use and long term opioid use.