Leptospirosis is a frequent zoonosis in the tropics including Indonesia with 5–30% incidence and 5–20% mortality rate due toacute renal failure (ARF). To determine the frequency of leptospirosis by sex, age and glomerulus’s filtration rate (GFR) of the patient.A retrospective descriptive study on 32 subjects was done by measuring the creatinine clearance using Lyasis Auto analyzer in ClinicalPathology Laboratory of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 2004 to June 2006, of 32 patients, 25 (78%) male and 7 (22%)female, with the most frequent age range from 30–40 years (34.4%). Of the patients, 2 (6.3%) have normal GFR, 6 (18.8%) withmild GFR reduction, 10 (31.3%) with medium GFR reduction, 10 (31.3%) with severe GFR reduction and 4 (12.5%) with acute renalfailure. Leptospirosis is most frequent found in male with age between 30–40 years old. with reduction of GFR from mild to severe, andeven terminated with acute renal failure.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia accompanied by oedema and hypercholesterolemia.Nephrotic syndrome is an often relapsing disease (75%) and often the diagnosis is too late. This disease is 15 times greater in childrenthan in adult and the male to female ratio is 2:1. Laboratory examination is needed to rapidly detect and evaluate the progress of thedisease for treatment. To know the distribution of NS based on aged, gender, cholesterol, and albumin concentration and the urinesediment profile. The data in this retrospective descriptive study were collected from 56 patients with NS at the Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital, Makassar, in the period of January 2004 – June 2006. NS were found in 36 male patients (64.3%) and 20 female patients(35.7%). Cholesterol concentrations were 250 mg/dl in 50 patients (89.3%) and 250 mg/dl in 6 patients (10.7%). Albuminconcentration was 2.5 g/dl in 21 patients (37.5%) and < 2.5 gr/dl in 35 patients (62.5%). In urine sediments, there were found in 23patients (41.1%) with positive proteinuria (+++), 51 patients (91.1%) with positive erythrocytes, 54 patients (96.4%) with positiveleucocytes, and 33 patients (58.9%) with positive cylinders such as rugged granular and fatty cost. More NS were found in male patientsin comparison to female, and many were aged + 6 years. Hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hematuria, leucocyturia,and positive cylinder (rugged granular and fatty cast) were found in the urine of most of the NS patients.

Hepatitis is a inflammation process which may present in an acute or chronic phase. A decrease of serum albumin level may befound in liver disease. Ratio de Ritis in mild hepatitis is < 1 while in alcoholic hepatitis is >1. To analyze serum albumin level withratio de Ritis in hepatitis B patients. A cross sectional study was carried out comprising 46 subjects from October 2005 to August 2006measuring albumin level SGOT and SGPT levels using Lyasis autoanalyzer. Thirty eight males and eight females, the level of serumalbumin decreased with an average of albumin level 2.98 gr/dL (p<0.05). Twenty two subjects showed a ratio de Ritis ≤ 1 with theaverage albumin level 3.00 gr/dL and 24 subjects were included in group ratio de Ritis > 1 with average albumin level 2.96 gr/dL(p value = 0.658). There was a decrease of serum albumin level in hepatitis B patient but no significant difference between decrease ofserum albumin level with ratio of de Ritis ≤ 1 and ratio of de Ritis >1.