Background: Scandinavian countries were the first to use fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool in the 1930. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a diagnostic approach, which helps the clinicians in diagnosis of the various lesions. Most common sites which can be targeted include breast lumps, lymph nodes, thyroid masses and other palpable swellings. The most common lesion encountered is thyroid nodule. In current cross sectional study we tried to find frequency of different thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology in different rural areas of Sindh. Methodology and Results: 158 samples were recruited from the Vital Laboratory Larkana with different pathological midline neck (thyroid) swelling during 2014 and 2015 by non-probability consecutive sampling. 125 (79.1%) were females and 33 (20.9%) were males with a ratio of 4:1. Majority of case were of 20-39 years of age (52.5%). Most of the cases were diagnosed with nodular goiter (88.6%) followed by colloid goiter (4.4%). In present study we failed to find any association of diagnosis with gender (p =0.211) and age (p =0.553). Conclusion: So in this study we concluded that large number of thyroid lesions present with nodular goiter at the age of 20-39 years. The frequency is increased for these lesions due to different risk factors.

Background: The presence of a mass in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinusesmay seem to be simple problem, but it is very difficult to differentiate clinically from potentiallymalignant tumors. Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathologicalfeatures of the non malignant lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Study Design:Prospective descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Study was carried out indepartments of Paediatrics and ENT at Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College HospitalSukkur from Jan 2009 to Dec 2012. Patients and Methods: The study included all cases of nonmalignantmasses of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, those attended the Paediatric & ENTdepartment and underwent the surgical intervention. One hundred twenty non-malignant caseswere enrolled for this study. A separate pro-forma was filled to record the cases biodata, history,clinical examination, investigations and histopathological diagnosis. All histopathologicallyproven malignant masses were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 120 cases 78 (65%)were males and 42 (35%) were females, with M:F ratio of 1.8:1. The age of presentation rangedfrom 8 years to 70 years and mean age was 26.3years. Sinonasal masses were found to bebilateral in 20 cases (16.67%), right sided in 65 (54.17%) and left sided in 35 (29.16%) cases. Themain presenting symptoms were nasal blockage 110 (91.66%), nasal discharge 102 (85%),sneezing 60 (50%), hypoinsomnia 36 (30%), epistaxis 24 (20%), headache 20 (18.33%) andmouth breathing 18 (15%) cases. Polyp was the most common lesion in 86 (71.66%) casesobserved in this study. The common histopathological diagnosis was simple inflammatory nasalpolyp in 48 (40%), allergic nasal polyps 30 (25%) and fibroepithelial polyp in 8 (6.7%), invertedpapilloma in 12 (10%), angiofibroma 6 (5%), capillary hemangioma 4 (3.34%) andrhinosporidiosis 4 (3.34%) cases. Conclusions: Sinonasal masses have various differentialdiagnoses and are still thought to be simple problem in our society. There is a need for earlyrecognition and referral to ENT surgeon and need histopathological examination of every massto confirm the diagnosis.

Background:In the 1970's the introduction of Fine Need Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) proved to be the key method for examining the nature and malignant potential of many palpable lesions like thyroid, salivary glands and lymphadenopathies. Breast pathologies is one of the entity that can also be diagnosed with FNAC. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women with overall 100,000 cases being reported annually around the globe. The most frequent lesion encountered using FNAC in breast is fibro-adenoma followed by fibrocystic disease, breast abscess, chronic inflammatory conditions and suspicious malignant masses. In current cross sectional study we tried to find frequency of different breast lesions by FNAC. Methodology and Results: 649 samples were recruited from the Vital Laboratory Larkana with different pathological lesions of breast during the year 2014 and 2015 by non-probability Sidhwani et al.; JAMMR, 32(4): 10-15, 2020; Article no.JAMMR.55192 11 consecutive sampling. 613 (95%) were females and 32 (5%) were male with mean age of 30.812.8 years. Majority of case were of 20-39 years of age (55.8%). Most of the cases were diagnosed with benign lesions (329, 51%) followed by inflammatory lesions (132, 20.5%) and gynecomastia (15, 2.3%). Right breast was more affected (329, 51%). In present study we found a strong association of diagnosis with gender (p =0.000) and age (p =0.000). Conclusion: So in this study it is concluded that large number of females with breast pathologies present with benign lesions like fibro-adenoma at the age of 20-39 years. It is also concluded that in this age group mastitis and abscesses are common due to different risk factors. Original Research Article