Objectives: Observed Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are a commonly used method of assessing clinical competence at all levels. Students commonly regard OSCEs as the most stressful component of examinations and they are associated with high levels of anxiety. Methods: A simulated mock OSCE was designed by a group of junior doctors at a district general hospital. Candidates were from a variety of UK medical schools in the final year of their medical degree program. A prospective study was undertaken with candidates anonymously surveyed before and after the mock OSCE. A Numeric Rating Scale of 1-10 was used to assess candidates' confidence and anxiety related to upcoming summative examinations. Qualitative analysis was also undertaken via written feedback. Results: There are 57 students took part in the mock OSCE over two years. Only 54 (95%) opted to take part in the study and provide feedback. Mean confidence level significantly increased from 6.26 pre to 7.76 post mock OSCE (1.41 point [12%] increase, P-value < 0.001). Mean anxiety level significantly reduced from 8.70 pre to 7.15 post (1.56 point reduction [12%], p-value < 0.001). There are 100% of students rated the mock OSCE as either 'Excellent' (n = 50) or 'Good' (n = 4). Seventy percent of candidates felt that examination stations were the most useful with 37% of candidates specifically mentioning the benefit of using real patients. Conclusions: OSCEs remain a beneficial tool for learning, revision and assessment. The present study demonstrates that mock OSCEs significantly improve medical student confidence and significantly reduce anxiety related summative examinations.

This paper presents the findings of the study of a large public sector corporation in India where entrepreneurial initiatives were taken to respond to drastic changes in the business and economic scenario and the emerging need of globalisation. Using a framework of strategic management, the process of absorbing entrepreneurship has been traced and efforts have been made to quantify the intensity of entrepreneurism by administering an instrument of six point rating scale to 210 executives. The study has brought out that the process of absorbing entrepreneurship through certain initiatives has been useful to this corporation in managing change successfully. The intensity of entrepreneurism is between moderate to high which can be further strengthened by concentrating more on assessing external opportunities and creating a climate of taking benefits from these opportunities by applying creativity. The paper also outlines the areas for future research in organisational entrepreneurism.

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