Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) consider a minor ailment in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, seen in 21-65% cases but it causes significant distress and increases postoperative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. This study was done to compare nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine to treat POST.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind control clinical study. After approval from institution ethical and scientific committee, study was conducted in between May 2015-April 2016. Written and informed consent was obtained from 100 patients of either sex aged between 20-65 years. ASA I-II, undergoing surgery in supine position lasting up to two hour. Patients were randomized into two groups Group K (n=50) nebulized with 50 mg ketamine (1cc) + 3cc NS =4cc, Group KC (n=50) nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1cc) + clonidine 150µg (1cc) + 2cc NS for 15 min, before general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The POST and hemodynamic variable were monitored before nebulization, after nebulization, before induction, on arrival to PACU and at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post operatively. POST was graded on 4 point scale (0-3).Results: Overall incidence of POST was 46% (Group K-40%, KC-6%). The Incidence and severity of POST were significantly attenuated in Group KC in comparison to Group K at 4 hours (P= 0.002), 8 hours (P=0.000), 12 hours (P= 0.000) and at 24 hours (P=0.000).Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with clonidine and ketamine mixture compared to ketamine is more effective in dealing with postoperative sore throat with no adverse effects.

Background: Regional anesthesia increasingly used for gynecological surgeries, has advantage of decreased stress response to surgery, decreased cardiorespiratory depression, with improved postoperative analgesia.Methods: This randomized, prospective, double blind study was conducted at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Banger Dewas in Department of Anesthesia between June 2016-December 2016. Sixty patients who were posted for gynecological surgeries were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: Group R received 3.5 ml (17.5 mg) 0.5% ropivacaine plain and Group L received 3.5 ml (17.5 mg) 0.5% levobupivacaine plain. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block and any undesirable side effects were noted.Results: Demographic parameters were comparable between the two groups (P >0.05). Onset of sensory and motor block was significantly faster in Group L, duration of motor and sensory block was significantly less in Group R. Patients in group R were hemodynamically stable (P = 0.032) compared to group L.Conclusions: Both ropivacaine and levobupivacaine have the desirable blocking property and can be used in gynecological surgeries. Ropivacaine showed shorter duration of sensory and motor block allowed early mobilization and early recovery of patients.