Dental enamel is a unique, highly mineralized tissue of ectodermal origin. It is characterized by lack of metabolic activity once formed, implying that disturbances during development can manifest as permanent defects in the erupted tooth. Although the etiology of enamel defects may be attributed to local, systemic, genetic, or environmental factors, most are likely to be multifactorial in nature. The time frame of exposure and the mechanism underpinning the causative factors determine the presentation of these defects. These developmental defects of enamel (DDE) may range from slight abnormalities of the tooth's color to a complete absence of the enamel, some of which may be sensed by an individual as being disfiguring and call for treatment to improve the appearance of the dentition. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a relatively common condition that varies in clinical severity, remains localized to permanent incisors and first permanent molars, and whose prevalence varies between 2.8 and 25% depending upon the study. Adhesion and retention of resin restorations is challenging in long-term rehabilitation in these cases. This paper presents a novel approach in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of a 13-year-old female child diagnosed with multiple DDEs.
Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient's parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.
CASE REPORTthat the growth was slow, and initially, it began as a pea-sized lesion which grew to its present size gradually. The patient had no symptoms except for periods of intermittent bleeding from the growth during mastication. The medical and family history was not significant. The face was bilaterally symmetrical, and there was no evidence of swelling extra orally. A solitary exophytic, palpable growth was found intraorally on examination in the anterior two-thirds of the dorsum of the tongue (Fig. 1). On clinical examination, the growth was found to be pale with a lobulated surface and greyish-white borders. The growth was nontender and pedunculated, and the dimensions were about 1.2 × 0.8 cm in diameter. Its consistency varied from soft to firm, showing no
IntroductIonPyogenic granuloma (PG) is a tumor-like growth that is considered an inflammatory response to minor trauma or trauma to the oral tissue. The term PG is based on heterogeneous skin lesions thought to be caused by pyogenic organisms. 1 Though the term PG means a lesion associated with infection or pus formation, it does not actually resemble a true granuloma histologically. 2 Although the etiology of PG is not yet explained clearly in literature, it is considered an exaggerated inflammatory hyperplastic reaction in response to any stimuli, physical or mechanical trauma, or hormonal factors. Any age group may be at risk of being affected by PG, but young adults and adolescents are among the most frequently affected, with a greater proportion of females than males (female: male = 2:1). 3 It is quite common for the occurrence of PG in females at puberty and pregnancy due to hormonal changes combined with an increased response of marginal gingiva to any local irritants like plaque and calculus. PG is rarely present on the lips, tongue, oral mucosa, and palate, with the gingiva accounting for the majority of documented instances.Usually slow-growing and asymptomatic, oral PG is a frequent hemorrhagic lesion that is raised, pedunculated, or sessile and ranges in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. However, ulceration and bleeding may develop. 4 Clinically, these lesions present as dull red soft single nodules with smooth or lobulated surfaces. This is a case report that presents a case of PG, a condition that seldom affects the tongue.
case descrIptIonA 14-year-old male patient presented to the department of pediatric and preventive dentistry with the chief complaint of growth on the tongue for 3 months. The present history of the lesion revealed
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