Aim To evaluate if yoga could be an adjunct to regular training methods in training brushing skill to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Seventy‐two children with ASD aged 7‐15 years were selected and divided into two groups (N = 36). Children in Group I received visual pedagogy and video modeling and children in Group II received visual pedagogy and video modeling with yoga. Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI) were recorded at baseline and at the end of first, second, third, and sixth month. The scores were summarized as mean and standard deviation and inter‐group comparison was done using independent t‐test. Results Inter‐group comparison of mean plaque and gingival indices scores were statistically significant at second month (P = .039 for PI and P = .009 for GI). The scores were statistically significant even at third month (P = .001 for PI and P = .002 for GI) and sixth month (P = .001 PI and GI), with children in Group II demonstrating better oral hygiene. Conclusion Yoga training can be used as an adjunct to enhance tooth brushing learning capabilities of children with ASD in addition to visual modeling and pedagogy.

Background: Accurate data on morbidity and mortality pattern are useful for many reasons. The Perinatal and the neonatal period are so short but they are the most critical faces of human life1. It reflects the general health and the socio-biological features of the most vulnerable groups of the society, the mothers and the infants. The objectives of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of tertiary care hospital.Methods: All the neonates admitted to NICU from July 2013 to June 2015, excluding the neonates referred and discharged against medical advice were retrospectively analysed for demographic profile, short term morbidity and outcome.Results: 3118 neonates were admitted in the study period. 57.5% were Males, 72.5% were inborn, 69% were term babies and 53.3% had normal birth weight. Important causes for morbidity were Perinatal asphyxia 490 (15.7%), Preterm/LBW 456 (14.6%), Neonatal jaundice 438 (14%) and then sepsis 402 (12.9%). The mortality rate was 10.4% with statistical significant difference between inborn and outborn babies (P<0.0001). The major causes of mortality are Respiratory syndrome 109 (33.6%), followed by birth asphyxia 82 (25.3%) and sepsis 82 (25.3%). The survival of term as well as normal birth weight babies was statistically significant over preterm (P<0.0001) and Low Birth Weight (LBW), Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW), Extreme Low Birth Weight (ELBW) neonates (P<0.0001> respectively.Conclusions: Birth asphyxia, prematurity, Jaundice and neonatal sepsis respiratory problems were major causes of both mortality and morbidity. There is need to strengthen services to address these problems more effectively.

Background: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in children. With the availability of increasing knowledge and awareness, dialysis facilities and excellent supportive treatment, the overall outcome is changing. This study is undertaken to find out the outcome of ARF in children.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, (ICH and HC) Egmore, Chennai from February 2014 to January 2016. Children with elevated blood urea (>40 mgs/dl) and serum creatinine (>1 mg/dl) were included and evaluated for etiology, treatment modality and outcome and other co-morbid features. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 105 children (65 boys, 40 girls) from newborn period to 12 years were examined. The common age of presentation of ARF is 1-4 years with a male preponderance and acute glomerulonephritis were found to be commonest cause. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality in relation to age group (P 0.98). There was a statistically significant difference in mortality in relation to duration of oliguria (P 0.02), Serum creatinine levels (P 0.03). The role of other biochemical values like serum potassium (P 0.14), serum bicarbonate (P 0.59) were not found statistically significant. Peritoneal dialysis in general improves survival, but it is not statistically significant (P 0.33). Systemic complications associated with ARF increases mortality and it is statistically significant (Chi- square value = 9.13, P = 0.003).Conclusions: ARF in children is due to transient disorders and early referral to major centres even with 1-2 days oliguria and early treatment will improve the prognosis. Peritoneal dialysis in severe ARF with associated complications really helped the children.

Background Exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of all-cause mortality. However, its association with Indigenous populations in Central Australia, who face disproportionate health burdens, is unclear. Given the isolation from tertiary centers, exercise testing could provide useful local risk-stratification. Purpose To characterize the association of exercise capacity with all-cause mortality in Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals in remote Central Australia. Methods Demographic, medication, and all-cause mortality data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing exercise stress tests from 2007–2017. Results A total of 3,414 patients (34% Indigenous) were included. At 4.8±2.9 years of follow-up, 86 (2.5%) deaths had occurred. Each 1-MET increase in exercise capacity conferred a 14% lower risk for mortality among Indigenous individuals (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94) and 20% lower risk for mortality among non-Indigenous individuals (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.89) after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and medications. Mortality risk reduction for each 1-MET increase in exercise capacity was similar (p=0.32) for Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals. Conclusions Exercise capacity is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals. These findings have important clinical implications towards exercise capacity for risk-stratification and preventative importance of physical activity.

Background: Accidental poison ingestion is very common in children. Among this kerosene ingestion is the most common ingested poison by children. Knowledge about complications of kerosene poisoning is important to manage the children. The study is aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical profile along with the Outcome of children admitted with kerosene ingestion.Methods: This retrospective study was done in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Government Villupuram Medical College, Villupuram from January 2016 to December 2016. The case records of all children were entered in a pre-structured Proforma and analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 116 children were included in the study. There was a male preponderance (61%) with the common age group being affected as 1 to 3 years (88%) and most of the cases were from rural places (94%) during April to June. Cough (62%) was the major symptom followed by breathlessness (51%) and fever (41%). Chest radiology shows right lower lobe infiltrates (45%) as common finding followed by left lower lobe infiltrates (32%) and bilateral lower lobe infiltrates (18%) as least.Conclusions: The awareness of Kerosene Poisoning could reduce the morbidity and mortality rate as prevention of ingestion is the cure. These substances are not stored properly. Parental education is the hall mark in prevention of all acute Poisoning with due importance of acute Kerosene Poisoning at home.