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Background: Thalassemia major is amongst the most common genetic disorders in developing countries like Pakistan. This research project aims to assess the level of knowledge among people related to thalassemia and the number of thalassemia cases linked to consanguineous marriages.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents (n=272) of thalassemia patients registered with Rawalpindi thalassemia welfare society, from June 2019 to September 2019. Parents of thalassemia major patients aged 1 to 16 years were included. Parents who were health care professionals or community workers, and with children who had some other genetic disorders along with thalassemia major were excluded. Non-probability consecutive sampling was used. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire that assessed the prevalence of thalassemia in relation to consanguineous marriages and awareness of thalassemia in parents of affected ones. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22, by applying descriptive statistics.Results: About 72% of the parents (n=214) had consanguineous marriages. None of them had a thalassemia screening test before their marriage. 98.5% of the parents said no awareness campaign had ever been conducted for thalassemia in their area. 50% of families believed that thalassemia had affected their children's interaction with other children of their age.Conclusion: This study reveals that parents of thalassemia-affected children are not aware of the high link between thalassemia and cousin marriages and the prevalence of premarital testing is almost none.

Illumination is visual decoration in form of coloured fonts, designed or illustrated page in print media. In middle age bibles or manuscripts, there are forms and type of illuminations that may applied as a system of content delivery in books. A framework of illumination design methodology may elaborated through content analysis on several illuminations in bibles and religious manuscripts. This research will enrich visual communication design study, especially typography and illustration study in developing an information system delivery based on visual elements.

This study aimed to determine the parents’ roles in developing children learning during Distance Learning (PJJ). The descriptive quantitative method was used in this research. The population of this study was all parents of students at two public elementary schools in Kuta Baro District, Aceh Besar. The sample of this research was 137 parents. The sampling technique was random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms. The data was analyzed by using percentages. The study results indicated that the parents’ roles were in the Good category. Most parents agreed that giving their time and providing can improve their children's learning during a pandemic and strengthen their relationships. Moreover, the recent education level and occupation of the parents also influenced the role of parents during distance learning.

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