Background: Cigarette smoking has extensive effects on respiratory function. Pulmonary function testing is a routine procedure for the assessment and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Aims & Objectives:To compare the pulmonary function among smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: 100 subjects, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers were included in a retrospective study conducted at Municipal corporation hospital by convenience sampling. Pulmonary function test procedure was explained to the subjects. Approximately 5 to 6 times manoeuvres were performed, and out of that, the best reading was taken, for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/ FVC ratio. Results: In the present study, there was a statistically significant difference in the FEV1 value (p = 0.038) between smokers and nonsmokers. While the difference in FVC (p = 0.119) and FEV1/ FVC ratio (p = 0.217) were not found to be statistically significant in both the groups.Conclusion: The present study shows that the mean FEV1 was significantly lower in smokers. Smoking has a deleterious effect on the health, mainly on pulmonary functions. Hence, the risk of respiratory mortality or morbidity is high with smoking.

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Background: Pulmonary function tests play an important role in the assessment, diagnosis, quantification of the ventilatory disorders intensity, and treatment course. Changes in posture can affect the resting length of respiratory muscles and the vestibular system contributes to altering respiratory muscle activity during movement and changes in posture. Aim of this study is to find different angle changes how effect on the pulmonary function. Results: The result shows significant difference of FVC and FEV1 values in supine, oblique and head down positions [P value=0.000]. The values of FVC and FEV1 are highest in oblique position. Conclusion:There was significant difference in effect of different angle on pulmonary function and it was highest in oblique (45 0 ) position.

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Introduction: Energy is expended by individuals engaging in physical activity. It can be calculated after performing aerobic or anaerobic exercise. Energy expenditure index based on heart rate and walking speed has been termed Physiological Cost Index (PCI) by McGregor. The 6 Minute Walk Test is sub-maximal test for assessing energy expenditure. Need of study is to find effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on energy expenditure and compare post exercise effect so, that it could be given to any individual for physical fitness in near future according to ones need. Method: Interventional study, convenient sampling, sample size of 36 subjects. Inclusion criteria: 18-25 years both male and female having BMI (18.5 -24.9 kg/m2). Exclusion criteria: any cardio-respiratory diseases, neurological or orthopedic conditions, not willing to participate. Pre intervention: PCI of subjects assessed by 6mwt and values were put in McGregor’s equation. Subjects were randomly divided into aerobic and anaerobic groups. The exercise protocol was of 4 weeks, 5days/week. Post intervention PCI was calculated. Results: Statistical analysis was done by using SPPS version 16, keeping the level of significance 5%. Paired t-test was applied for within group analysis and unpaired t-test applied for between group comparison. Within group analysis showed statistically significant improvement in PCI values (p<0.05). Between group analysis showed higher improvement in anaerobic exercise group in comparison to aerobic exercise group. Conclusion: Present study concluded that 4 weeks of aerobic and anaerobic exercise showed improvement on physiological cost index but higher improvement was seen in anaerobic exercise group. Key words: aerobic, anaerobic, energy expenditure, healthy individuals.